將系統電壓維持在正常範圍是台電調度人員的重要任務，目前許多變電所已藉由調度中心所設置的虛功率設備控制系統(RPDC)進行自動控制。當變電所之運轉狀態符合RPDC所預設之條件，即可進行靜態電容器(SC)或有載分接頭切換器(OLTC)的控制，以維持變電所電壓的穩定並減少輸電線路損失。然而，當變電所處於手動模式時，則需依賴調度人員的經驗進行操作，但僅依靠經驗判斷仍不可靠。因此，本文結合九區圖法與靈敏度矩陣，提出一次變電所之電壓及虛功率控制模式，調度人員可藉此快速進行操作並判斷控制效果。本論文分別以電力潮流模擬軟體ASPEN、實際量測結果探討變電所之電壓及虛功率控制效果，並計算靈敏度參數。本文使用了板橋及中壢一次變電所電壓控制時之量測數據，並完成其靈敏度矩陣。最後，結合靈敏度矩陣與九區圖法說明一次變電所之電壓及虛功率控制模式。

It is an important work for Taiwan Power Company dispatchers to keep the system voltage around normal values. There are a lot of substations which have been controlled by the reactive power device controller (RPDC) set in control centers. The shunt capacitor (SC) or on-load tap changer (OLTC) will be operated when the state of substations satisfies the setting of RPDC. Thus, the substation voltage can be kept in normal values to reduce the loss of transmission lines. However, it used to depend on the experience of dispatcher to operate devices when the substation is in manual mode. This is not reliable. Therefore, this paper is used to study the nine-area diagram and sensitivity matrix to devise a mechanism of voltage and reactive power control in the primary substation. By using this method, dispatchers can make a judgment and conjecture the control effect quickly. This paper has studied the effect of voltage and reactive control in substations by using ASPEN and measurement data. Besides, the sensitivity parameters have been got from the effect study. The measurement data of voltage control in the Banciao Primary Substation and the Jhongli Primary Substation were used to investigate the sensitivity matrix. Finally, the integrated sensitivity matrix and nine-diagram is illustrated for the voltage and reactive power control pattern in primary substations.

[1] F. C. Lu and Y. Y. Hsu, “Reactive Power/Voltage Control in a Distribution Substation using dynamic programming,” IEE Proc. Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, Vol.142, No.6, pp. 639-645, 1995.

[2] F. C. Lu and Y. Y. Hsu, “Fuzzy Dynamic Programming Approach to Reactive Power/Voltage Control in a Distribution Substation,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Vol.12, No.2, pp. 681-688, 1997.

[3] Y. Y. Hsu and F. C. Lu, “A Combined Artificial Neural Network- Fuzzy Dynamic Programming Approach to Reactive Power/Voltage Control in a Distribution Substation,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Vol.13, No.4, pp. 1265-1271, 1998.

[4] K. Iba, “Reactive Power Optimization by Genetic Algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Vol.9, No.2, pp. 685-692, 1994.

[5] Y. K. Wong, T. S. Chung, W. M. Lai, “Application of Genetic Algorithm in Reactive Power/Voltage Control Problem,” International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management, APSCOM 2000, Hong Kong, Vol.2, pp. 486-490, Oct. 2000.

[6] G. Krost, G. A. Bakare, “A Genetic Algorithm Based Approach for Improvement in Voltage Profile and Real Power Loss Minimization,” International Conference on Electric Power Engineering, Hungary, pp. 153,Aug. 1999.

[7] N. Nimpitiwan, C. Chaiyabut, ”Centralized Control of System Voltage/Reactive Power Using Genetic Algorithm,” International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems, ISAP 2007, Japan, Nov. 2007.

[8] F. Salgado, E. Lopez, H. Rudnick, “Var Planning in Distribution System via Genetic Operators,” IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Canada, Jun. 2006.
[9] Y. Malachi, S. Singer, “A Genetic Algorithm for the Reactive Power/Voltage Control Problem,” The 21st IEEE Convention of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Israel, pp. 218-221, 2000.

[10] Z. T. Wang, G. Y. He, S. W. Mei, “Study on Hybrid Automatic Voltage Control Strategy of Substation,” International Conference on Power System Technology, China, Oct. 2006.

[11] 陳壽孫、羅靜儀、石金福、楊金石、蒲冠志，輸配電學，文京圖書有限公司，台北，1998年7月。
[12] 台灣電力公司，電力系統運轉操作章則彙編，民國96年6月。
[13] 台灣電力公司，SCADA區域調度運轉技術文件，民國94年。
[14] 許萬寶，「以基因演算法進行電壓控制及虛功調度研究」，碩士論文，台灣科技大學，民國92年6月。
[15] 許佑民，「應用於變電所電壓及虛功率控制之強健型九區圖解法研究」，碩士論文，台灣科技大學，民國96年6月。
[16] http://www.aspeninc.com/,Advanced Systems for Power Engineering, Inc. (ASPEN)