在第一篇研究中，我們提出了一種簡單合成高效 (NH4)xCs1-xPbBr3量子點的方法，藉由調控氨的比例，合成出極佳量子產率的 (NH4)xCs1-xPbBr3 量子點。此外，使用以一步合成法將量子點與具光熱性質的染料(IR780)結合，據我們所知，此研究是第一篇嘗試將鈣鈦礦量子點與光治療分子整合的研究(簡寫為 (PQD-IR780)，此複合物展現了良好的水溶性及高達57.85% 的光熱轉換效率。而體外細胞也證實細胞攝取PQD-IR780後，在HeLa, B16F1, HepG2細胞內展現出極高的螢光亮度。結果指出HeLa細胞攝取PQD-IR780後，其機制需依賴能量，且為小窩蛋白內噬作用。體外細胞存活率檢測和光熱療法可以顯現PQD-IR780具優異生物相容性，且可以在雷射照射下致使高溫，達到殺死癌細胞的效果。
第二部分，透過一步微波的方式摻雜鎂(Mg)離子，製備出發紅光的CsMgxPb1-xI3量子點。與未摻雜的CsPbI3相比，CsMgxPb1-xI3量子點具有優秀的光穩定性及更高的量子產率高達89%。接著，通過疏水端相互作用將疏水性CsMgxPb1-xI3 QDs封裝至釓共軛pluronic 127 (PF127-Gd) 微胞中 (PQD@Gd) ，提高了其生物利用度。PQD的光學性質及Gd存在可賦予PQD@Gd螢光和MRI成像以及光療特性。因此，通過採用T1和T2證明了PQD@Gd的MRI對比效果，這證實PQD@Gd奈米粒子具有優異的MRI對比效果(r2/r1比值為1.38) 。PQD@Gd奈米粒子表現出優異的生物相容性，在671 nm雷射照射下也能有效地在癌細胞中產生具有細胞毒性的活性氧，誘導細胞死亡。此外，PQD@Gd奈米試劑在可見光激發下對有機污染物也表現出優異的光催化活性。多功能奈米複合物PQD@Gd不僅具有雙重成像、光動力治療及優異的光催化特性，也可用於有機污染物或細菌去除，因此有機會成為癌症治療的選擇之一。
最後一部分，利用異原子(Cu, Cl離子)摻雜並結合碳點(CDs)的方式來調節活性氧(ROS)清除或生成的能力。起初CDs就具有良好的抗氧化及清除能力，而Cu和Cl共摻雜的CDs (CuCl-CDs) 不僅具有光動力療法 (PDT) 能力，且具有將過氧化氫(H2O2) 轉化為氫氧自由基 (•OH) 的仿生過氧化物酶活性。此外，具有生成ROS能力和仿生過氧化物酶特性的CuCl-CDs成功地與聚多巴胺 (PDA) 和葡萄糖氧化酶 (GOx)結合，以製備多功能GOx/CuCl-CD@PDA-PEG (GCP) 奈米複合材料。此新型GCP奈米複合物具有令人滿意的光熱轉換效率 (η=24.4%) ，並透過加入H2O2和雷射照射的方法產生大量的ROS。最後，GCP奈米複合物中的GOx可進行飢餓療法及催化連鎖反應，減少了細胞內的葡萄糖含量，並間接增強ROS生成能力。細胞實驗證實，GCP奈米複合材料具有良好的生物相容性，經由化療、光熱治療及飢餓療法，導致細胞死亡。

In the thesis work, we report a facile strategy for the highly efficient (NH4)xCs1-xPbBr3 QDs. By modulating the amount of ammonium, (NH4)xCs1-xPbBr3 QDs with higher quantum efficiencies were synthesized. Furthermore, (NH4)xCs1-xPbBr3 QDs was conjugated with a photothermal dye (IR780) via a one-pot reaction using poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) and IR780-MPTS. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first attempt integrating perovskite QDs and phototherapeutic molecules into one system (abbreviated as PQD-IR780), demonstrating good water dispersibility and high photothermal conversion efficiency of 57.85%. In vitro experiments performed to examine subcellular uptake showed high fluorescence brightness was observed in HeLa, B16F1, and HepG2 cancer cells cultured with PQD-IR780. The in vitro cell viability assays and photothermal therapy revealed that PQD-IR780 showed good biocompatibility and can induce hyperthermia upon laser irradiation.
High optical performance, red-emitting CsMgxPb1-xI3 QDs were prepared by doping with magnesium (Mg) ions into CsPbI3 QDs via a one-pot microwave pyrolysis technique. Next, the bioavailability of as-synthesized hydrophobic CsMgxPb1-xI3 QDs is improved by encapsulating them into Gadolinium conjugated pluronic 127 (PF127-Gd) micelles through hydrophobic interactions (PQD@Gd). The optical properties of PQD and the presence of Gd could endow the PQD@Gd with fluorescence and MRI imaging, and phototherapeutic properties. The MRI contrasting effects of PQD@Gd nanoagents are demonstrated by employing T1 and T2 studies which validated that PQD@Gd nanoagent had a superior MR contrasting effect. The PQD@Gd nanoagents have exhibited excellent biocompatibility, and efficiently produced cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cancer cells under 671 nm laser illumination, and thereby induced cell death. The multifunctional PQD@Gd nanoagents developed in this study could be the potential choice of components for cancer therapy due to dual-modal imaging and photodynamic therapeutic properties.
The ROS scavenging or generation ability of the carbon dots (CDs) was regulated by incorporating with heteroatoms (Cu and Cl ions). The pristine CDs were found to be powerful anti-oxidants to scavenge ROS, whereas Cu and Cl co-doped CDs (CuCl-CDs) possessed not only ROS generation ability upon laser irradiation for photodynamic therapy (PDT), but also peroxidase-mimic activity that generates oxidative •OH from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Furthermore, CuCl-CDs were successfully integrated with polydopamine (PDA) and glucose oxidase (GOx) to fabricate multifunctional GOx/CuCl-CD@PDA-PEG (GCP) nanocomposites. These novel GCP nanocomposites possessed satisfactory photothermal conversion efficacies (η = 24.4%) and gave a high yield of ROS via the combination of H2O2 and laser irradiation. Moreover, the presence of GOx in GCP nanocomposites enables these compounds to decrease the intracellular glucose levels for starvation therapy and the enzymatic cascade activity for enhanced ROS-mediated therapy. In vitro studies and confirmed that these GCP nanocomposites displayed good biocompatibility, and induced cells death via the cooperative effects of CDT, phototherapeutic effect, and starvation therapy.

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