一般二輪車在濕滑或散佈砂石的路面轉彎時容易滑倒造成危險，而傳統殘障三輪機車於過彎時因無法像一般兩輪機車可內傾，導致車輛有翻覆的危險，因此本研究團隊希望研發出新一代兼具安全與便利的可內傾、抗翻覆之三輪車輛。

本研究旨在改良先前本團隊研發之可內傾三輪車輛，有鑑於過去以不斷的實際加工、組裝測試來進行改善，消耗大量的時間及成本卻相對得不到具體的改善成效，因此本次研究充分使用3D機構動態模擬軟體Pro/MECHANICA進行機構設計，以期事先發現並解決可能遭遇的困難，縮短研發的時程。經由軟體之模擬結果可多次快速修改各機構組件，待確信整體機構能符合設計之各項要求後，再進行加工組裝與試騎，以實證新的設計確能有效改善舊有之各項問題。

本研究在改良第一代可內傾三輪車過程中，巧妙的運用連桿幾何關係並選取適當的尺寸，因而令轉向不再受到車身傾斜之連動，將嚴重影響原2F/1R三輪車之操控問題順利解決；另經由模擬分析來改變固定軸位置，亦成功令1F/3R不但不會再傷害到駕駛人之腳踝，更因加大車輛之內傾角而使得車輛完全不會翻覆，實際試乘後發現其操控性及安全性均大大的提升，騎乘者可依所需隨意控制內傾的角度，能順暢地過彎或閃避障礙物而完全無向外翻覆之慮。

A general two-wheeled vehicle is liable to slip down when turning on wet surfaces or on road with pebbles. On the other hand, a traditional handicapped might roll over at high cornering speed since it cannot tilt at turns like a two-wheeler. Based on these, our research team was inspired to develop a new kind of three-wheeler which would keep all the safe characteristics of the abovementioned two while discarding their inherent unsafe ones.

The objective of this research is to make an improvement upon a tiltable three-wheeler prototype also previously developed by our research team. In the past, our team built and modified the prototype vehicle without prior using any simulation softwares to evaluate its feasibility and performance. That approach inevitably cost us more time and money to complete certain tasks. This year, we decided to use a 3D mechanical dynamic simulation software, Pro/MECHANICA, for the design and modification of the prototype vehicle. From simulation results, the software enables designers to detect many potential trouble ahead of time, and allows the designers to readily modify their design immediately. Tremendous developing time is thus shortened in many design repetitions. Only after the entire mechanism “looks” to meet the demands of the design goal on the computer, parts are then manufactured and assembled together for the real physical vehicle.

In this research, a linkage of appropriate sizes was ingeniously developed to ensure that turning mechanism would no more be affected by the tilt of the vehicle body. By doing so, the agility of the vehicle maneuvering is achieved as it should be. With the help of simulation results, the fixed axis of the tilting mechanism on the 1F/3R vehicle was relocated and the driver’s ankles would consequently not likely be hurt any more. The tilting angle was also adequately increased to make sure that rollover can not happen on typical road surfaces. The test rides verified that controllability of the vehicle and sense of safety were greatly enhanced. The rider can then make turns smoothly or dodge obstacles swiftly with full confidence and with ease.

[1]Huston, J. C., Graves, B. J., and Johnson, D. B., “Three Wheeled Vehicle Dynamics,” SAE Transaction, Vol. 90, Paper No. 820139, pp. 45-58, 1982.
[2]Bernard, J., Shannan, J., and Vanderploeg, M., “Vehicle Rollover on Smooth Surfaces,” SAE Technical Paper Series, No. 891991, 1989.
[3]李宗廷，三輪與四輪車輛在轉向時之穩定性分析，國立中央大學機械工程研究所碩士論文，1988。
[4]丁定華，四輪車與三輪車在加速轉向時之穩定分析，國立中央大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文，1992。
[5]徐賢錦，改裝殘障機車之翻覆性分析，國立台灣科技大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文，2001。
[6]劉邦佑，可內傾殘障機車之翻覆性分析，國立台灣科技大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文，2003。
[7]李嘉恩，內傾式殘障概念車之設計與實作，國立台灣科技大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文，2004。
[8]彭大展，內傾式三輪車輛之設計與分析，國立台灣科技大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文，2004。
[9]翁肇勤，可內傾式機動三輪車輛之設計實作與分析，國立台灣科技大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文，2005。
[10]Sharp, R. S., “The Lateral Dynamics of Motorcycles and Bicycles,” Vehicle System Dynamics, Vol. 14, pp. 265-283, 1985.
[11]Katayama, T., Aoki, A., and Nishimi, T., “Control Behaviour of Motorcycle Riders,” Vehicle System Dynamics, Vol. 17, pp. 211-229, 1988.
[12]Gillespie, T. D., Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc, Warrendale, Pennsylvania, 1992.
[13]Ellis, J. R., Vehicle Handling Dynamics, Mechanical Engineering Publication Limited, 1994.
[14]Raman, A., Rao, J. S., and Kale, S. R., “Overturning Stability of Three Wheeled Motorized Vehicles,” Vehicle System Dynamics, Vol. 24, pp. 123-144, 1995.
[15]Milliken, W. F., Race Car Vehicle Dynamics, SAE International, Warrendale, PA, 1995.
[16]Karnopp, D., and So, S-G., “Active Dual Mode Tilt Control for Narrow Groung Vehicles,” Vehicle System Dynamics, Vol. 27, pp. 19-36, 1997.
[17]林筱增，車輛運動力學，科技圖書股份有限公司，2002。
[18]林龍震老師工作室，Pro/Mechanism/MECHANICA Wildfire 2.0機構/運動/結構/熱力分析，金禾資訊股份有限公司，2005。