本論文研製一台最大輸出功率3.3 kW的全橋CLLC諧振式轉換器，一次側開關具有零電壓切換的特性可減少切換損失，應用於雙向傳輸之直流充電樁，電網端電壓400 V、電池端電壓180 V ~ 430 V，電網端對電池端充電時，最大輸出電流為7.67 A ~ 11 A，電池端對電網端饋電時，最大輸出電流為4.95 A ~ 8.25 A。本文一開始介紹全橋CLLC諧振電路的原理、時序分析，並推導轉移函式，利用諧振電路的轉移函式來針對變壓器匝數比n、品質因數Q、電感比值K等電路參數分析對於寬範圍增益的影響。在控制方式方面，由於寬範圍輸出電壓的規格，本論文採用調頻控制、二次側開關延遲導通控制，並針對二次側開關延遲導通控制進行介紹、時序分析，以及二次側開關延遲導通控制的轉移函數近似解，該近似解能使電路在設計階段時對二次側開關延遲導通控制的增益更容易進行對照。本論文也介紹加入預導通時間的控制方式，能使全橋CLLC諧振轉換器在寬範圍調壓的同時，仍保持一次側開關零電壓切換的特性，並可在不用預導通時間時進行同步整流控制。本論文透過元件參數設計並模擬電路可行性，實作出一台最高效率為98.1 %的實體電路。

This thesis mainly develops a full-bridge CLLC converter with the maximum output power of 3.3 kW. The primary side switches has zero-voltage switching characteristics, which can reduce the switching loss. This converter can be applied to the Bi-directional on-board battery charger (OBC) with the grid voltage of 400 V, and the battery voltage range is from 180 V~430 V. When the battery is in charging mode, the current output to the battery is 7.67 A~11 A. When the battery is in discharging mode, the current output to the grid is 4.95 A~8.25 A. This article first describe the operating of the full-bridge CLLC converter, calculate the transfer function, and use the transfer function of the CLLC resonant circuit to analyze the influence of the circuit parameters such as the turn ratio n, the quality factor Q and the inductance ratio K on the wide-range output. In terms of control methods, due to the wide range of the battery voltage specifications, this thesis uses two control methods, including frequency control and secondary side switches delay-time control. The analysis of the delay-time control CLLC converter operating and approximating transfer function solution are described in detail in this thesis. The approximating transfer function solution can help gain curve estimated when the circuit is been designing. To make primary side switches achieve zero-voltage switching in all control condition, an additional lead-time control method is presented in this thesis. When the lead time is not required, it can also do synchronous rectification. This thesis actually makes a circuit that meets the specifications with the highest efficiency of 98.1 %.

張哲瑀，「具同步整流預導通控制之寬範圍輸出電壓LLC諧振轉換器」，國立台灣科技大學電子工程系碩士論文，2021年。
[2] D. Cabezuelo, J. Andreu, I. Kortabarria, I. Mtz. de Alegría, E. Robles, “Powertrain systems of electric, hybrid and fuel-cell vehicles: State of the technology,” IEEE 26th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, June, 2017.
[3] Sesha Gopal Selvakumar, “Electric and Hybrid Vehicles - A Comprehensive Overview,” 2021 IEEE 2nd International Conference On Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Bhopal, India, December, 2021.
[4] 陳偉晟，「適用於電動載具充電系統之寬範圍輸出電壓LLC諧振式轉換器」，國立台灣科技大學電子工程系碩士論文，2021年。
[5] Chun-Gu Lee, Joung-Hu Park, Jonghoon Kim, “Construction of frequency regulation RESS based on advanced cell grouping com-bined with the DWT,” 2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific, Busan, South Korea, June, 2016.
[6] V. Sreedhar, “Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Full Performance,” 2006 IEEE Conference on Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Pune, India, December, 2006.
[7] Masoud Honarmand, Nader Salek Gilani, Hadi Modaghegh, “Comprehensive management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles using national smart metering program in Iran (called FAHAM),” 5th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS), Rome, Italy, April, 2016.

[8] Masaaki Takagi, Kenji Yamaji, Hiromi Yamamoto, “Power system stabilization by charging power management of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles with LFC signal,” 2009 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, MI, USA, September, 2009.
[9] Kawther Fahem, Dhia Elhak Chariag, Lassaâd Sbita, “On-board bidirectional battery chargers topologies for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles,” 2017 International Conference on Green Energy Conversion Systems, Hammamet, Tunisia, March, 2017.
[10] Omar Hegazy, Joeri Van Mierlo, Ricardo Barrero, Philippe Lataire, Noshin Omar, Thierry Coosemans, “A comparative study of different control strategies of On-Board Battery Chargers for Battery Electric Vehicles,” 2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies, Monte Carlo, Monaco, March, 2013.
[11] Il-Oun Lee, “Hybrid PWM-Resonant Converter for Electric Vehicle On-Board Battery Chargers,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 31, Issue: 5, pp. 3639-3649, May, 2016.
[12] Uwakwe C. Chukwu, Satish M. Mahajan, “Modeling of V2G net energy injection into the grid,” 6th International Conference on Clean Electrical Power, Santa Margherita Ligure, Italy, June, 2017.
[13] Weijie Zhang, Jiansheng Wang, “Research on V2G Control of Smart Microgrid,” 2020 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Intelligent Control, Chongqing, China, November, 2020.
[14] Nagarjuna Koduri, Santosh Kumar, R. Y. Udaykumar, “On-board Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) integrator for power transaction in smart grid environment,” 2014 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research, Coimbatore, India, December, 2014.
[15] Uwakwe C. Chukwu, Satish M. Mahajan, “V2G electric power capacity estimation and ancillary service market evaluation,” 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, MI, USA, July, 2011.
[16] Qiang Sun, Shancan Fu, Haiying Lv, Shuang Gao, Kexin Wei, “Study on Bidirectional PWM Converter Considering Robustness of PR Controller for V2G Application,” 2018 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, Tianjin, China, April, 2018.
[17] Uwakwe Chukwu, Satish Mahajan, “The Modeling of V2G Component for Power Flow Studies,” 2018 Clemson University Power Systems Conference, SC, USA, September, 2018.
[18] Yungtaek Jang, Milan M. Jovanović, Juan M. Ruiz, Misha Kumar, Gang Liu, “Implementation of 3.3-kW GaN-Based DC-DC Converter for EV On-Board Charger with Series Resonant Converter that Employs Combination of Variable-Frequency and Delay-Time Control,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, CA, USA, March, 2016.
[19] Gang Liu, Dan Li, Yungtaek Jang, Jianqiu Zhang, “Over 300kHz GaN Device Based Resonant Bidirectional DCDC Converter With Integrated Magnetics,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, CA, USA, March, 2016.
[20] Gang Liu, Yungtaek Jang, Milan M. Jovanović, Jian Qiu Zhang, “Implementation of a 3.3-kW DC–DC Converter for EV On-Board Charger Employing the Series Resonant Converter With Reduced Frequency-Range Control,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 32, Issue: 6, pp. 4168-4184, June, 2017.

[21] 蔡富斌，「具同步整流之數位控制半橋串聯諧振轉換器之研製」，國立台灣科技大學電子工程系碩士論文，2012年。
[22] Guan-Chyn Hsieh, Cheng-Yuan Tsai, Shih-Hung Hsieh, “Design Considerations for LLC Series Resonant Converter in Two Resonant Regions,” 2007 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, FL, USA, June, 2007.
[23] 吳諺宸，「雙向輸出入寬範圍串聯-串聯諧振式直流-直流轉換器」，國立台灣科技大學電子工程系碩士論文，2018年。
[24] 吳義利，切換式電源轉換器，初版，高雄：文笙書局，2012年。
[25] Yungtaek Jang, Milan M. Jovanović, Juan M. Ruiz, Gang Liu, “Se-ries-Resonant Converter with Reduced Frequency-Range Control,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, NC, USA, March, 2015.
[26] Yungtaek Jang, Milan M. Jovanović, Misha Kumar, Juan M. Ruiz, Robert Lu, and Tony Wei, “Isolated, Bi-Directional DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Applications,” 2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, CA, USA, March, 2019.
[27] 岳軒宇，「步階式氣隙變壓器用於LLC型半橋諧振式轉換器」，國立台灣科技大學電子工程系碩士論文，2018年。
[28] Xiaobo Liu, Xiaohua Wu, Xiangke Li, Xinyue Zhang, Fei Deng, Shixian Sun, “A Synchronous Rectification Method of Bidirectional CLLC Resonant Converter Based on Phase and Duty Cycle Regula-tion,” IECON 2021.
[29] Fairchild Semiconductor, “Half Bridge LLC Resonant Converter Design Using FSFR Series Fairchild Power Switch.” Application Note AN-4151, October 2007.