脂質含量高的活性污泥是一種有潛力生產生質柴油之原料。次臨界水處理已知是一種低成本且有效的方法，可用以減少活性污泥中之有機物，特別是致癌芳香化合物如PAH及PCB，並增加活性污泥中可萃取脂質之含量。
本研究探討次臨界水處理對兩種不同來源污泥(都市活性污泥及食品加工活性污泥)中中性脂質含量和脂肪酸組成之影響。此外本研究也探討污泥來源對中性脂質含量及脂肪酸組成之影響。結果顯示，經次臨界水處理後污泥中性脂質量為未經次臨界水處理時之2-4 倍。然而，次臨界水處理對污泥所含脂質之脂肪酸組成並無明顯之影響。污泥來源在中性脂質量及脂肪酸組成中扮演重要角色。
利用活性污泥中所含有用的化合物將有助於降低從活性污泥生產生物柴油之成本。從台灣某食品加工廠污泥中發現之蠟酯即為一種有價值之化合物。粗污泥油經去脂、去蠟可得粗蠟脂。粗蠟脂再經預處理和漂白後，大約可得4.13%之漂白蠟(以乾污泥重計)。漂白蠟之主要蠟酯是C44-C60蠟酯以及小量C37-C43及C62 蠟酯。本研究也探討蠟酯之脂肪酸及脂肪醇組成，結果發現蠟酯主要由C14-C28脂肪酸與C24-C37脂肪醇所構成，其中主要脂肪酸為 C16及C18而主要脂肪醇為C32及C34。

Activated sludge (AS) with its high lipid content is a potential raw material for producing biodiesel (BD). Sub-critical water (SCW) treatment has been known to be a cheap and effective method for reducing organic compounds, especially carcinogenic aromatic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) in AS as well as increasing the amount of extractable lipids. In this work, the amount of neutral lipids and fatty acid (FA) profiles in neutral lipids extracted from two sludge samples of different sources (municipal AS and food processing AS) with and without SCW pre-treatment were investigated. Moreover, the impact of the sludge origins on their neutral lipid content and FA profiles was also investigated. Results showed that the amount of neutral lipid extracted from SCW treated AS is almost 2-4 times to those without SCW treatment. However, there is no observable difference between the FA profiles of neutral lipids obtained from AS with and without SCW treatment. The source of sludge plays an important role on the neutral lipid content as well as the FA acid profiles.
Additionally, the utilization of useful compounds in AS may also help reducing the cost of BD production from AS. One of these compounds is the valuable wax esters (WEs) found in AS from a food processing company in Taiwan. About 4.13 % (based on dry sludge weight) bleached wax was obtained after pretreatment and bleaching of crude sludge wax obtained from the dewaxing of crude sludge oil. The major WEs detected in the bleached wax were C46-C60 with small amounts of C37-C43 and C62 WEs. The FAs and fatty alcohols (FALs) profiles of WEs were also investigated. Activated sludge WEs are mainly mixture of C14-C28 FAs and C24-C37 FALs, in which the predominant FAs are C16 and C18 while the predominant FALs are C32 and C34.

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