Due to the high energy yield and low environmental impact Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) represent promising energy conversion technologies. At present, carbon black supported platinum (Pt) catalyst is used for both fuel and air electrodes in PEMFCs and DMFCs at anodes and cathodes. However, several critical issues still need to be addressed before such cells can be commercialized for automotive applications. For example, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is kinetically limited at the cathode and instability of Pt on the cathode is marked by the loss of Pt electrochemical surface area (ECSA) over time, due to Pt dissolution/ aggregation/Oswald ripening being the major contributors to the degradation of fuel cell performance. Additionally, the predominance of weak interactions between the carbon support and the catalytic metal nanoparticles leads to the sintering of the catalytic metal nanoparticles and a consequent decrease in the active surface area with long-term operation. More importantly, the high potentials that accelerate both electrochemical carbon corrosion and the dissolution of the active elements under normal operating conditions, are issues impacting on fuel cell durability that remain unresolved. Furthermore, it is well-documented that at room and moderate temperatures state-of-the-art platinum-based anode electrocatalysts suffer from poor reaction kinetics and are vulnerable to poisoning from CO-like intermediates formed during the oxidation of methanol; thus, due to their relatively low stability under acidic conditions they may become catalytically inactive over time.
Therefore, we focus in this study on the: “Development of Nanostructured Ti0.7M0.3O2 (M: Mo, Ru) Supports with Novel Cocatalytic Functionality for Pt Used as Advanced Nanoelectrocatalysts for Fuel Cells”. This work presents a new approach by exploring robust non-carbon Ti0.7M0.3O2 (M= Mo, Ru) as a novel functionalised co-catalytic support for Pt. This new approach is based on the novel nanostructure of the Ti0.7M0.3O2 supports which supports an “electronic transfer mechanism” from Ti0.7M0.3O2 to Pt that can modify surface electronic structure of Pt, owing to a shift in the d-band centre of the surface Pt atoms. Furthermore, another benefit of Ti0.7M0.3O2 is the extremely high stability of Pt/Ti0.7M0.3O2 during potential cycling, which is attributable to the strong metal support interactions (SMSI) between Pt and Ti0.7M0.3O2: also enhanced is the inherent structural and chemical stability together with the corrosion-resistance of the TiO2 based-oxide in acidic and oxidative environments. Interestingly, Ti0.7Ru0.3O2 can be fabricated as a much thinner catalyst layer, resulting in significantly improved the mass transport kinetics and performance of the resulting membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA).
The new approach presented in this work opens a reliable path to the discovery of advanced concepts that may lead to the design of new catalyst materials that can replace the traditional catalytic structures and motivate further research in this field.

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