本文旨在研製太陽能與燃料電池複合式發電系統。在太陽能電池方面，採用升壓型直流-直流功率轉換器及最大功率追蹤控制，進而提升太陽能電池之能量轉換效率。而燃料電池方面，採用全橋相移式直流-直流功率轉換器及高頻零電壓切換，有效轉換燃料電池之產出能量。另外，文中蓄電池採用昇/降壓型直流-直流功率轉換器作為充、放電控制，用以維持再生能源與負載之間的功率平衡，並提供穩定直流電壓予負載。最後，系統採用三相三階層變流器作為直流-交流能量轉換之用，除了可減少輸出電壓之諧波含量，還能將能量轉換為交流電源，供給三相獨立負載或傳輸至市電網路。
本文已建立功率轉換器之數學模型，並使用MATLAB/Simulink模擬軟體分析整體系統，以作為數位控制器之設計依據。在實體製作方面，採用數位信號處理器(DSP, TMS320F2812)為系統控制核心，並搭配可程式邏輯元件(CPLD, XC9536)以及電壓、電流回授與功率轉換器之控制策略，完成整體系統之實體製作。本文已完成1600W的獨立供電系統及市電併聯系統，並由實測以驗證理論分析。
在獨立運轉模式下，固定輸出頻率為60Hz、有效值為220V的三相線電壓。在市電併聯模式下，可提供實功率及虛功率至市電網路。最後，三相三階層變流器之滿載運轉效率約為93.5%，且輸出線電壓之總諧波失真率為3.61%，符合IEEE Std. 519之規範。

This thesis presents the development of a solar and fuel-cell hybrid power conversion system. In solar-cell system, the boost dc-dc power converter and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) are designed to achieve high power output and enhance conversion efficiency. In fuel-cell system, the phase shifted full-bridge converter adopts zero voltage and high frequency switching scheme to improve conversion efficiency and reduce the output current ripples. In addition, a boost/buck dc-dc chopper is designed to discharge or charge batteries in order to regulate the power flow between renewable energy and system loads so that it can supply stable dc power to system loads. Finally, a three-phase three-level inverter is proposed to convert dc power into ac power and reduce the output voltage harmonics. The system realized can be operated either in a stand-alone fashion or connected with power grid.
In this thesis, the digitized mathematical model and controller design are built and simulated by MATLAB/Simulink. Then, a high-performance, low-cost digital signal processor (DSP, TMS320LF2812) and complex programmable logic device (CPLD, XC9536) is used to implement the system for reducing the circuit components and cost. Experimental results for 1600W hybrid power conversion system are given to justify the analysis.
The rated line-voltage is 220V and the frequency is 60Hz. Besides, the experimental results show that the full-load efficiency of the three-phase three-level inverter reaches 93.5% and voltage harmonic distortion is 3.61%, which complies with IEEE Std. 519.

[1]Wikipedia(website) http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9A%96%E5%8C%96&variant=zh-tw, 2006.
[2]D. Beatty and I. Batarseh, “Topical Overview of Soft-Switching PWM High Frequency Converters”, Southcon/95 Conference Record, pp. 47-52, 1995.
[3]R. W. De Doncker and J. P. Lyons, “The Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole Converter,” IEEE-IAS Conference Record, vol. 2, pp. 1228-1235, 1990.
[4]W. Dong, J. Y. Choi, F. C. Lee, D. Boroyevich and J. Lai, “Comprehensive Evaluation of Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole Inverter for Electric Vehicle Applications,” IEEE-PESC Conference Record, vol. 2, pp. 625-630, 2001.
[5]Wikipedia(website) http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E6%95%A3%E5%BC%8F%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB&variant=zh-tw, 2007.
[6]L. Solero, F. Caricchi, F. Crescimbini, O. Honorati and F. Mezzetti, “Performance of a 10 kW Power Electronic Interface for Combined Wind/PV Isolated Generating Systems,” Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1996. PESC '96 Record., 27th Annual IEEE, vol. 2, pp.1027-1032, 1996.
[7]林聖賢，“市電併聯型太陽能與風力發電系統研製”，國立中正大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，民國九十二年。
[8]M. Veerachary, T. Senjyu and K. Uezato, “Maximum Power Point Tracking of Coupled Inductor Interleaved Boost Converter Supplied PV System,” IEE Proceedings-Electric Power Applications, vol. 150, pp.71-80, 2003.
[9]R. Giral, L. Martinez-Salamero and S. Singer,“Interleaved Converters Operation Based on CM,”IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 14, pp.643 – 652, 1999.
[10]岡土干尋，“太陽能發電系統的現況與未來”，電力電子技術雙月刊第36期，1997。
[11]邱瑞陽，“結合動態調節之主動濾波器與太陽能市電並聯供電系統研製”，國立中正大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，民國九十一年。
[12]J. H. R. Enslin and D. B. Snyman, “Combined Low-cost, High-Efficient Inverter, Peak Power Tracker and Regulator for PV Application,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 73-82, 1991.
[13]K. Harada and G. Zhao, “Controlled Power Interface Between Solar Cells and AC Source,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 654-662, 1993.
[14]BP 275F 75-Watt Mono-crystalline Photovoltaic Module, BP Solar, 2001.
[15]NexaTM Power Module User’s Manual MAN5100078, Ballard, 2003.
[16]GP 12400 12V 40.0Ah General Purpose Battery , CSB, 2005.
[17]TMS320x281x DSP System Control and Interrupts Reference Guide, Texas Instruments, 2005.
[18]XC9536 In-System Programmable CPLD Product Specification, Xilinx, 1998.
[19]莊嘉琛，太陽能工程-太陽能電池篇，全華出版社，1997。
[20]吳財福、張健軒、陳裕愷，太陽能供電與照明系統綜論，全華出版社，2000。
[21]王耀諄、邱國偉，“太陽能電池EMTP模型之建立”，電力電子技術雙月刊第65期，2001。
[22]“太陽電池技術專題”，工業材料雜誌第203期，2003。
[23]馮垛生、宋金蓮、趙慧、林珊、趙海波，太陽能發電原理與應用，人民郵電出版社，2007。
[24]C. Hua, J. Lin and C. Shen, “Implementation of A DSP-Controlled Photovoltaic System with Peak Power Tracking,” IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 99-107, 1998.
[25]C. C. Hua and C. M. Shen, “Study of Maximum Power Tracking Techniques and Control of DC/DC Converters for Photovoltaic Power System,” IEEE-PESC Conference Record, vol. 1, pp. 86-93, 1998.
[26]X. Liu and L. A. C. Lopes, “An Improved Perturbation and Observation Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for PV Arrays,” IEEE-PESC Conference Record, vol. 3, pp. 2005-2010, 2004.
[27]T. G. Habetler, “A Space Vector-Based Rectifier Regulator for AC/DC/AC Converters,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 30-36, 1993.
[28]黃朝榮、林修正，“燃料電池的心臟-電極模組”，科學發展雜誌第367期，2003。
[29]J. M. Correa, F. A. Farret and L. N. Canha, “An analysis of the dynamic performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using an electrochemical model,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol.1, pp141-146, 2001.
[30]J. T. Pukrushpan, A. G. stefanopoulou and H. peng, “Modeling and control for PEM fuel cell stack system,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol.4, pp.3117-3122, 2002.
[31]J. J. Baschuk and X. Li, “Modelling of electrolyte membrane fuel cells with variable degrees of water flooding,” Journal of Power Sources 86, pp.181-196, 2000.
[32]鄭耀宗、鄭雅堂、袁文孝、徐真明，“現場型磷酸燃料應用於大用戶之可行性研究”，台電公司研究計畫，1995。
[33]左峻德，燃料電池之特性與運用，國家書坊，2001。
[34]EG&G Technical Services, “Fuel cell handbook, 7th ed.,” U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Nov. 2004.
[35]吳鴻鑫，“以數位訊號處理器為基礎之燃料電池發電系統之研製”，國立台灣科技大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，民國九十五年。
[36]Bill Andreycak, “Phase Shifted, Zero Voltage Transition Design Considerations and the UC3875 PWM Controller,” Unitrode Application Note, 1997.
[37]劉翼德，“高電壓輸出之零電壓切換相移式全橋升壓型轉換器的分析及研製”，國立台灣科技大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，民國九十二年。
[38]J. H. Seo, C. H. Choi and D. S. Hyun, “A New Simplified Space- Vector PWM Method for Three-Level Inverter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 16, no. 4, pp.545-550, 2001.
[39]李惇榮，“三相三階層雙向功率轉換器之研製”，國立台灣科技大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，民國九十三年。
[40]C. M. Ong, Dynamic Simulation of Electric Machinery: Using Matlab/Simulink, Prentice Hall PTR, 1998.
[41]G. Carrara, S. Gardella, M. Marchesoni, R. Salutari and G. Sciutto, “A New Multilevel PWM Method: A Theoretical Analysis,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 7, pp. 497-505, 1992.
[42]張鴻鈞，“不平衡負載之三相不斷電系統研製”， 國立台灣科技大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，民國九十一年。
[43]曾兆利，“以數位信號處理器為基礎之永磁式同發電機功率控制系統之研製”，國立台灣科技大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，民國九十年。
[44]蔡宗志，“以數位訊號處理器為基礎之太陽能與風力發電複合系統之研製”，國立台灣科技大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，民國九十四年。
[45]張佑榮，“以數位訊號處理器為基礎之太陽能發電系統之研製”，國立台灣科技大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，民國九十五年。
[46]呂文隆，“蓄電池儲能系統之設計與製作”，國立台灣工業技術學院工程技術研究所電機工程技術學程碩士論文，民國八十一年。
[47]康宗仁，“永磁式同步發電機之風力發電功率控制系統之研製”，國立台灣科技大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，民國九十四年。
[48]J. H. R. Enslin and D. B. Snyman, “Combined Low-Cost, High-Efficient, Inverter, Peak Power Tracker and Regulator for PV Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 73-82, 1991.
[49]S. S. Babu and S. Palanichamy, “PC Based Controller for Utility Interconnected Photovoltaic Power Conversion Systems,” Proceeding of International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy System for Industrial Growth, vol. 1, pp.101-106, 1996.
[50]G. Saccomando and J. Svensson, “Transient Operation of Grid-Connected Voltage Source Converter under Unbalanced Voltage Conditions,” IEEE-IAC Conference Record, vol. 4, pp. 2419-2424, 2001.
[51]A. E. Haniotis, K. S. Soutis, A. G. Kladas and J. A. Tegopouls, “Grid Connected Variable Speed Wind Turbine Modeling, Dynamic Performance and Control,” IEEE-PES Conference Record, vol. 2, pp. 759-764, 2004.
[52]A. R. Beig, G. Narayanan and V. T. Ranganathan, “Space Vector Based Synchronized PWM Algorithm for Three Level Voltage Source Inverters: Principles and Application to V/f Drives,” Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON vol. 2, pp. 1249-1254, 2002.