[1] J. Solomon, “Analog versus digital design,” 1983 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers, New York, NY, USA, pp. 216-217, (1983).

[2] K. Sudakshina, Analog and Digital Communications, Pearson Education India, pp. 165-178, 2010.

[3] H. Nawaz, “Implementation of a simple BPSK Modulator for onboard satellite telemetry transmitter,” 2015 7th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies (RAST), Istanbul, pp. 343-346, (2015).

[4] S. Faruque and Saleh, Radio Frequency Modulation Made Easy, Springer, pp. 74-75, 2016.

[5] S. Kato and K. Feher, “XPSK: A New Cross-Correlated Phase-Shift Keying Modulation Technique,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 701-707, (1983).

[6] G. W. Lu, T. Sakamoto, and T. Kawanishi, “Rectangular QPSK for generation of optical eight-ary phase-shift keying,” Opt. Express 19, pp. 18479-18485, (2011).

[7] G. W. Lu, J. M. D. Mendinueta, T. Sakamoto, N. Wada, and T. Kawanishi, “Optical 8QAM and 8PSK synthesis by cascading arbitrary 2QAM with squared QPSK,” Opt. Express 23, pp. 21366-21374, (2015).

[8] X. Feng, Z. Wu, X. Wang, S. He, and S. Gao, “All-optical two-channel polarization-multiplexing format conversion from QPSK to BPSK signals in a silicon waveguide,” Photon. Res., 4, pp. 245-248, (2016).

[9] J. Cui, H. Wang, and Y. Ji, “Optical modulation format conversion from one QPSK to one BPSK with information-integrity-employing phase-sensitive amplifier,” Appl. Opt., 56, pp. 5307-5312, (2017).

[10] P. J. Winzer, A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, M. Schnecker, and P. J. Pupalaikis, “56-Gbaud PDM-QPSK: coherent detection and 2,500-km transmission,” 2009 35th European Conference on Optical Communication, Vienna, pp. 1-2, (2009).
[11] T. Xu, J. Li, G. Jacobsen, S. Popov, A. Djupsjöbacka, R. Schatz, Y. Zhang, and P. Bayvel, “Field trial over 820km installed SSMF and its potential Terabit/s superchannel application with up to 57.5-Gbaud DP-QPSK transmission,” Optics Communications, vol. 353, Polina, pp. 133-138, (2015).

[12] K. Roberts, M. O'Sullivan, K. T. Wu, H. Sun, A. Awadalla, D. J. Krause, and C. Laperle, “Performance of Dual-Polarization QPSK for Optical Transport Systems,” J. Lightwave Technology, vol. 27, no. 16, pp. 3546-3559, (2009).

[13] G. W. Benthien, Digital Encoding and Decoding, Course Hero, pp. 1-3, 2007.

[14] 圖2-1 NRZ編碼. Available from: http://www.rfwirelessworld.com/Tutorials/NFC-Modulation-and-NFC-Coding.html

[15] C. H. Cox, G. E. Betts, and L. M. Johnson, “An Analytic and Experimental Comparison of Direct and External Modulation in Analog Fiber-Optic Links,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 501-509, (1990).

[16] 圖2-2 直接調變，圖2-3 外部調變. Available from:
http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/Direct-modulation-vs-External-modulation.html

[17] H. D. Young and R. A. Freedman, University Physics, Pearson, pp. 1176-1184, 1996.

[18] 圖2-4 同相的建設性干涉，圖2-5 反相的破壞性干涉. Available from:https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/interference-2

[19] R. Pradeep and N. Vijayakumar, “Performance Analysis of Mach-Zehnder Modulator in Radio over Fiber Systems,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, vol. 7, issue 5, pp. 45-52, (2016).

[20] 圖2-6 電光調變器改變相位示意圖. Available from: Stephanie Michel, "An Optical Transmitter for Every Need," LIGHTWAVE, (2014).

[21] 圖2-7 MZM原件結構. Available from:
http://imedea.uibcsic.es/~salvador/docencia/coms_optiques/addicional/ibm/ch05/05-30.html

[22] S. Faruque, Radio Frequency Modulation Made Easy, Springer, pp. 45-70, 2016.

[23] M. K. Al-Haddad, “Generation of MPSK Signal Using Logic Circuits,” Journal of Engineering, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 381-391, (2012).

[24] M. Tan and W. Chen, “Performance Comparison and Analysis of PSK and QAM,” 2011 7th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Wuhan, pp. 1-4, (2011).

[25] 圖2-11 2PSK, 4PSK, 8PSK, 16PSK的BER、SNR比較圖. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-shift_keying

[26] A. Yariv and P. Yeh, Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications, Oxford University Press, pp. 491-499, 2007.

[27] 圖2-12 非同調光與同調光. Available from: http://www.tutorsglobe.com/homework-help/chemistry/lasers-710023.aspx

[28] E. Ip, A. P. T. Lau, D. J. F. Barros, and J. M. Kahn, “Coherent detection in optical fiber systems,” Opt. Express 16, pp. 753-791, (2008).

[29] K. Iizuka, Elements of Photonics, Volume II: For Fiber and Integrated Optics, Willey, pp. 796-805, 2002.

[30] 圖2-14 PIN型光電二極體的結構. Available from: https://instrumentationtools.com/pin-diode-working-principle/

[31] 圖2-15 PIN型光電二極體的工作原理. Available from:
http://www.physics-and-radio-electronics.com/electronic-devices-and-circuits/semiconductor-diodes/photodiodesymboltypes.html

[32] A. Yariv and P. Yeh, Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications, Oxford University Press, pp. 19-23, 2007.

[33] 圖2-16 不同的偏振態. Available from: https://www.slideshare.net/rajukaiti/polarization-and-its-application-in-ophthalmology

[34] A. N. Akansu, P. Duhamel, X. Lin, and M. de Courville, “Orthogonal transmultiplexers in communication: a review,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 979-995, (1998).

[35] M. Seimetz, High-Order Modulation for Optical Fiber Trans-mission, Springer, pp. 18-22, 2009.

[36] 圖3-2 I-Q調變示意圖. Available from: https://awrcorp.com/download/faq/english/docs/VSS_System_Blocks/IQ_MOD.htm

[37] S. Michel, “Which Optical Modulation Scheme Best Fits My Application,” LIGHTWAVE, (2013).

[38] 圖3-3 不同調變技術的符號與符號速率. Available from: https://www.slideshare.net/mohammedalimahdi/digital-communications-70509901

[39] C. Zhendong, J. Weining, X. Changbo, and L. Min, “Modulation recognition based on constellation diagram for M-QAM signals,” 2013 IEEE 11th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments, Harbin, pp. 70-74, (2013).

[40] 圖3-4 載波為同一振幅的PSK星座圖，圖3-5 載波為不同振幅的PSK星座圖. Available from: http://www.satmagazine.com/story.php?number=1051727556

[41] 圖3-6 BPSK的星座圖，圖3-8 QPSK的星座圖. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-shift_keying

[42] S. Faruque, Radio Frequency Modulation Made Easy, Springer, pp. 70-73, 2016.

[43] 圖3-7 符號與BPSK對應的載波. Available from: https://testing100g.net/understanding-100g-phase-based-modulation/

[44] Prashantha, K. B. Naveen, S. Deng, Y. Hu, A. Sadat, and M. A. Sayem, “Design and Synthesis of QPSK: A Subsystem Module of Digital Communication using Reversible Logic,” International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 74, no. 10, pp. 53-57, (2013).