本研究致力於利用可逆性加成-分裂鏈轉移聚合法(RAFT)和鏈接化學(Click chemistry)以”Grafting to”和”Grafting from”不同嫁接策略製備出聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)含多面體倍半矽氧烷寡聚物(POSS)之星狀複合高分子，並且探討不同嫁接策略製備星狀複合高分子之差異及特性。對於”Grafting to” 嫁接策略而言，首先製備出修飾含炔類之多面體倍半矽氧烷寡聚物(8P-POSS)，並利用鏈接化學嫁接上不同分子量之末端修飾有疊氮之PMMA，最終獲得以POSS為核之星狀高分子(Star Polymer)。對於”Grafting from” 嫁接策略而言，首先製備POSS表面具有八個二硫代酯(dithiobenzoate groups)之新型態RAFT鏈轉移試劑，並且有效的利用並且控制於RAFT聚合反應中，最終同樣的成功的製備出POSS為核之星狀高分子。
利用這些有效的工具以”Grafting to”或者”Grafting from”嫁接策略皆能有效控制高分子鏈結構及接枝密度。然而，”Grafting to”策略因為高分子鏈長產生之立體障礙效應，使得嫁接密度下降 (95.5% 到28.4%)；”Grafting from” 策略以8CTA-POSS為核心成長高分子，嫁接密度達96.4%，但聚合過程中有機會伴隨著線性高分子在外圍產生，尤其在預期分子量越大之星狀複合高分子更為明顯。最終，此研究提供了多樣性嫁接策略製備出含有POSS之星狀高分子，此珍貴的資訊展現不同嫁接策略之優點，並可延伸至其它材料之表面修飾化學之應用。

Both click chemistry and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization were used to prepare star-shaped POSS-containing polymer hybrids using ‘grafting to’ and ‘grafting from’ approaches. For the ‘grafting to’ approach, we first prepared alkyne-functionalized POSS (8P-POSS), which was used to modify azido-terminated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with different Mw moieties to generate star polymers using click chemistry. For the ‘grafting from’ approach, new RAFT agents with 8 terminal dithiobenzoate groups on the surface of POSS were prepared, and successively used in the RAFT polymerization to produce well-defined star-shaped polymers. These powerful tools gave control over the polymer’s: length, architecture and graft density in both the ‘grafting to’ and ‘grafting from’ approaches; however, graft density decreased due to the effect of steric hindrance predominating on the surface of POSS. Here, we provide a versatile strategy to prepare star-shaped POSS-containing polymer hybrids, together with valuable information showing the advantages of different grafting reactions applicable to surface modification applications.

1. Laberty-Robert C, Valle K, Pereira F, Sanchez C: Design and properties of functional hybrid organic-inorganic membranes for fuel cells. Chemical Society Reviews 2011, 40(2):961-1005.
2. Vallet-Regi M, Colilla M, Gonzalez B: Medical applications of organic-inorganic hybrid materials within the field of silica-based bioceramics. Chemical Society Reviews 2011, 40(2):596-607.
3. Achilleos DS, Vamvakaki M: End-Grafted Polymer Chains onto Inorganic Nano-Objects. Materials 2010, 3(3):1981-2026.
4. Wang X, Ervithayasuporn V, Zhang Y, Kawakami Y: Reversible self-assembly of dendrimer based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). Chemical Communications 2011, 47(4):1282-1284.
5. Pyun J, Matyjaszewski K, Kowalewski T, Savin D, Patterson G, Kickelbick G, Huesing N: Synthesis of Well-Defined Block Copolymers Tethered to Polysilsesquioxane Nanoparticles and Their Nanoscale Morphology on Surfaces. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2001, 123(38):9445-9446.
6. Ge Z, Wang D, Zhou Y, Liu H, Liu S: Synthesis of Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Quatrefoil-Shaped Star-Cyclic Polymer Containing a Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Core. Macromolecules 2009, 42(8):2903-2910.
7. Gungor E, Bilir C, Durmaz H, Hizal G, Tunca U: Star polymers with POSS via azide–alkyne click reaction. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2009, 47(22):5947-5953.
8. Zhang W, Muller AHE: A “Click Chemistry” Approach to Linear and Star-Shaped Telechelic POSS-Containing Hybrid Polymers. Macromolecules 2010, 43(7):3148-3152.
9. Lu X, Sun F, Wang J, Zhong J, Dong Q: A Facile Route to Prepare Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials by ‘Click Chemistry’. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2009, 30(24):2116-2120.
10. Wang Z, Leng S, Wang Z, Li G, Yu H: Nanostructured Organic−Inorganic Copolymer Networks Based on Polymethacrylate-Functionalized Octaphenylsilsesquioxane and Methyl Methacrylate: Synthesis and Characterization. Macromolecules 2011, 44(3):566-574.
11. Wang F, Lu X, He C: Some recent developments of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-based polymeric materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2011.
12. Ye Y-S, Yen Y-C, Chen W-Y, Cheng C-C, Chang F-C: A simple approach toward low-dielectric polyimide nanocomposites: Blending the polyimide precursor with a fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2008, 46(18):6296-6304.
13. Boyer C, Stenzel MH, Davis TP: Building nanostructures using RAFT polymerization. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2011, 49(3):551-595.
14. Lowe AB, McCormick CL: Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization and the synthesis of water-soluble (co)polymers under homogeneous conditions in organic and aqueous media. Progress in Polymer Science 2007, 32(3):283-351.
15. Kolb HC, Finn MG, Sharpless KB: Click Chemistry: Diverse Chemical Function from a Few Good Reactions. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2001, 40(11):2004-2021.
16. Sumerlin BS, Vogt AP: Macromolecular Engineering through Click Chemistry and Other Efficient Transformations. Macromolecules 2009, 43(1):1-13.
17. Gondi SR, Vogt AP, Sumerlin BS: Versatile Pathway to Functional Telechelics via RAFT Polymerization and Click Chemistry. Macromolecules 2007, 40(3):474-481.
18. Quemener D, Davis TP, Barner-Kowollik C, Stenzel MH: RAFT and click chemistry: A versatile approach to well-defined block copolymers. Chemical Communications 2006(48):5051-5053.
19. Ranjan R, Brittain WJ: Combination of Living Radical Polymerization and Click Chemistry for Surface Modification. Macromolecules 2007, 40(17):6217-6223.
20. Huang Y, Liu Q, Zhou X, Perrier Sb, Zhao Y: Synthesis of Silica Particles Grafted with Well-Defined Living Polymeric Chains by Combination of RAFT Polymerization and Coupling Reaction. Macromolecules 2009, 42(15):5509-5517.
21. von Werne T, Patten TE: Preparation of Structurally Well-Defined Polymer−Nanoparticle Hybrids with Controlled/Living Radical Polymerizations. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1999, 121(32):7409-7410.
22. von Werne T, Patten TE: Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Nanoparticles:  A Tool for the Preparation of Well-Defined Hybrid Nanostructures and for Understanding the Chemistry of Controlled/“Living” Radical Polymerizations from Surfaces. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2001, 123(31):7497-7505.
23. Pyun J, Jia S, Kowalewski T, Patterson GD, Matyjaszewski K: Synthesis and Characterization of Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles:  Kinetics of Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Morphology of Hybrid Nanoparticle Ultrathin Films. Macromolecules 2003, 36(14):5094-5104.
24. Carrot G, Diamanti S, Manuszak M, Charleux B, Vairon JP: Atom transfer radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate from silica nanoparticles. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2001, 39(24):4294-4301.
25. Bottcher H, Hallensleben ML, Nus S, Wurm H: ATRP grafting from silica surface to create first and second generation of grafts. Polymer Bulletin 2000, 44(2):223-229.
26. El Harrak A, Carrot G, Oberdisse J, Jestin J, Boue F: Atom transfer radical polymerization from silica nanoparticles using the [`]grafting from' method and structural study via small-angle neutron scattering. Polymer 2005, 46(4):1095-1104.
27. Pyun J, Matyjaszewski K: Synthesis of Nanocomposite Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials Using Controlled/“Living” Radical Polymerization. Chemistry of Materials 2001, 13(10):3436-3448.
28. Carrot G, Harrak AE, Oberdisse J, Jestin J, Boue F: Polymer grafting from 10-nm individual particles: proving control by neutron scattering. Soft Matter 2006, 2(12):1043-1047.
29. Lei Z, Bi S: Preparation of polymer nanocomposites of core-shell structure via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerizations. Materials Letters 2007, 61(16):3531-3534.
30. Savin DA, Pyun J, Patterson GD, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K: Synthesis and characterization of silica-graft-polystyrene hybrid nanoparticles: Effect of constraint on the glass-transition temperature of spherical polymer brushes. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 2002, 40(23):2667-2676.
31. Zhang K, Ma J, Zhang B, Zhao S, Li Y, Xu Y, Yu W, Wang J: Synthesis of thermoresponsive silica nanoparticle/PNIPAM hybrids by aqueous surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Materials Letters 2007, 61(4-5):949-952.
32. Perruchot C, Khan MA, Kamitsi A, Armes SP, Watts JF, von Werne T, Patten TE: XPS characterisation of core-shell silica-polymer composite particles synthesised by atom transfer radical polymerisation in aqueous media. European Polymer Journal 2004, 40(9):2129-2141.
33. Ohno K, Morinaga T, Koh K, Tsujii Y, Fukuda T: Synthesis of Monodisperse Silica Particles Coated with Well-Defined, High-Density Polymer Brushes by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2005, 38(6):2137-2142.
34. Meads JA, Kipping FS: LIV.-Organic derivatives of silicon. Part XXIII. Further experiments on the so-called siliconic acids. Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions 1915, 107:459-468.
35. Brown JF, Vogt LH: The Polycondensation of Cyclohexylsilanetriol. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1965, 87(19):4313-4317.
36. Brown Jr JF: The polycondensation of phenylsilanetriol. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1965, 87(19):4317-4324.
37. Baney RH, Itoh M, Sakakibara A, Suzuki T: Silsesquioxanes. Chemical Reviews 1995, 95(5):1409-1430.
38. Feher FJ, Budzichowski TA, Blanski RL, Weller KJ, Ziller JW: Facile syntheses of new incompletely condensed polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes: [(c-C5H9)7Si7O9(OH)3], [(c-C7H13)7Si7O9(OH)3], and [(c-C7H13)6Si6O7(OH)4]. Organometallics 1991, 10(7):2526-2528.
39. Feher FJ, Soulivong D, Lewis GT: Facile Framework Cleavage Reactions of a Completely Condensed Silsesquioxane Framework. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1997, 119(46):11323-11324.
40. J. Feher F, Soulivong D, Nguyen F: Practical methods for synthesizing four incompletely condensed silsesquioxanes from a single R8Si8O12 framework. Chemical Communications 1998(12):1279-1280.
41. Feher FJ, Nguyen F, Soulivong D, Ziller JW: A new route to incompletely condensed silsesquioxanes: Acid-mediated cleavage and rearrangement of (c-C6H11)6Si6O9 to C2-[(c-C6H11)6Si6O8X2]. Chemical Communications 1999(17):1705-1706.
42. Feher FJ, Terroba R, Ziller JW: Base-catalyzed cleavage and homologation of polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes. Chemical Communications 1999(21):2153-2154.
43. Marcolli C, Calzaferri G: Monosubstituted octasilasesquioxanes. Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1999, 13(4):213-226.
44. Martynova TN, Chupakhina TI: Heterofunctional oligoorganylsilsesquioxanes. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 1988, 345(1-2):10-18.
45. Calzaferri G, Imhof R: Dalton communications. Synthesis of the first organometallic monosubstituted octanuclear silasesquioxane. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions 1992(23):3391-3392.
46. Auner N, Bats JW, Katsoulis DE, Suto M, Tecklenburg RE, Zank GA: Chemistry of hydrogen-octasilsesquioxane: Preparation and characterization of octasilsesquioxane-containing polymers. Chemistry of Materials 2000, 12(11):3402-3418.
47. Zheng L, Farris RJ, Coughlin EB: Novel polyolefin nanocomposites: Synthesis and characterizations of metallocene-catalyzed polyolefin polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane copolymers. Macromolecules 2001, 34(23):8034-8039.
48. Zheng L, Kasi RM, Farris RJ, Coughlin EB: Synthesis and thermal properties of hybrid copolymers of syndiotactic polystyrene and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2002, 40(7):885-891.
49. Tsuchida A, Bolln C, Sernetz FG, Frey H, Mulhaupt R: Ethene and Propene Copolymers Containing Silsesquioxane Side Groups. Macromolecules 1997, 30(10):2818-2824.
50. Mather PT, Jeon HG, Romo-Uribe A, Haddad TS, Lichtenhan JD: Mechanical Relaxation and Microstructure of Poly(norbornyl-POSS) Copolymers. Macromolecules 1999, 32(4):1194-1203.
51. Zheng L, Farris RJ, Coughlin EB: Synthesis of polyethylene hybrid copolymers containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane prepared with ring-opening metathesis copolymerization. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2001, 39(17):2920-2928.
52. Pyun J, Matyjaszewski K: The Synthesis of Hybrid Polymers Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization:  Homopolymers and Block Copolymers from Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Monomers. Macromolecules 1999, 33(1):217-220.
53. Costa ROR, Vasconcelos WL, Tamaki R, Laine RM: Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Star Polymers via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Using Octafunctional Silsesquioxane Cores. Macromolecules 2001, 34(16):5398-5407.
54. Haddad TS, Lichtenhan JD: Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Thermoplastics:  Styryl-Based Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Polymers. Macromolecules 1996, 29(22):7302-7304.
55. Lichtenhan JD, Otonari YA, Carr MJ: Linear Hybrid Polymer Building Blocks: Methacrylate-Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Monomers and Polymers. Macromolecules 1995, 28(24):8435-8437.
56. Phillips SH, Haddad TS, Tomczak SJ: Developments in nanoscience: Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-polymers. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 2004, 8(1):21-29.
57. Lee YJ, Huang JM, Kuo SW, Lu JS, Chang FC: Polyimide and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites for low-dielectric applications. Polymer 2005, 46(1):173-181.
58. Leu CM, Chang YT, Wei KH: Polyimide-side-chain tethered polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites for low-dielectric film applications. Chemistry of Materials 2003, 15(19):3721-3727.
59. Leu CM, Reddy GM, Wei KH, Shu CF: Synthesis and dielectric properties of polyimide-chain-end tethered polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites. Chemistry of Materials 2003, 15(11):2261-2265.
60. Leu CM, Chang YT, Wei KH: Synthesis and Dielectric Properties of Polyimide-Tethered Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Nanocomposites via Poss-diamine. Macromolecules 2003, 36(24):9122-9127.
61. Chiang CL, Ma CCM: Synthesis, characterization, and properties of novel ladderlike phosphorus-containing polysilsesquioxanes. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2003, 41(9):1371-1379.
62. Sheng YJ, Lin WJ, Chen WC: Network structures of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane based nanocomposites: A Monte Carlo study. Journal of Chemical Physics 2004, 121(19):9693-9701.
63. Szwarc M: /`Living/' Polymers. Nature 1956, 178(4543):1168-1169.
64. Otsu T, Yoshida M: Role of initiator-transfer agent-terminator (iniferter) in radical polymerizations: Polymer design by organic disulfides as iniferters. Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 1982, 3(2):127-132.
65. Wang J-S, Matyjaszewski K: Controlled/"living" radical polymerization. atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of transition-metal complexes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1995, 117(20):5614-5615.
66. Xia J, Matyjaszewski K: Controlled/“Living” Radical Polymerization. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using Multidentate Amine Ligands. Macromolecules 1997, 30(25):7697-7700.
67. D. H. Solomon ER, P. Cacioli. In US Patent Volume 4, 581, 429. 1985.
68. Georges MK, Veregin RPN, Kazmaier PM, Hamer GK: Narrow molecular weight resins by a free-radical polymerization process. Macromolecules 1993, 26(11):2987-2988.
69. Veregin RPN, Odell PG, Michalak LM, Georges MK: The Pivotal Role of Excess Nitroxide Radical in Living Free Radical Polymerizations with Narrow Polydispersity. Macromolecules 1996, 29(8):2746-2754.
70. Barclay G.G. KM, Sinta R.: Polymer Preprint 1997:902.
71. Chiefari J, Chong YK, Ercole F, Krstina J, Jeffery J, Le TPT, Mayadunne RTA, Meijs GF, Moad CL, Moad G et al: Living free-radical polymerization by reversible addition - Fragmentation chain transfer: The RAFT process. Macromolecules 1998, 31(16):5559-5562.
72. Goto A, Sato K, Tsujii Y, Fukuda T, Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH: Mechanism and kinetics of RAFT-based living radical polymerizations of styrene and methyl methacrylate. Macromolecules 2001, 34(3):402-408.
73. Tsavalas JG, Schork FJ, De Brouwer H, Monteiro MJ: Living radical polymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer in ionically stabilized miniemulsions. Macromolecules 2001, 34(12):3938-3946.
74. Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH: Radical addition-fragmentation chemistry in polymer synthesis. Polymer 2008, 49(5):1079-1131.
75. Chong BYK, Le TPT, Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH: More versatile route to block copolymers and other polymers of complex architecture by living radical polymerization: the RAFT process. Macromolecules 1999, 32(6):2071-2074.
76. Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH: Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process—A First Update. Australian Journal of Chemistry 2006, 59(10):669-692.
77. Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH: Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process. Australian Journal of Chemistry 2005, 58(6):379-410.
78. Chiefari J, Mayadunne RTA, Moad CL, Moad G, Rizzardo E, Postma A, Thang SH: Thiocarbonylthio Compounds (SC(Z)S−R) in Free Radical Polymerization with Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT Polymerization). Effect of the Activating Group Z. Macromolecules 2003, 36(7):2273-2283.
79. Chong YK, Krstina J, Le TPT, Moad G, Postma A, Rizzardo E, Thang SH: Thiocarbonylthio Compounds [SC(Ph)S−R] in Free Radical Polymerization with Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT Polymerization). Role of the Free-Radical Leaving Group (R). Macromolecules 2003, 36(7):2256-2272.
80. Huisgen R: Kinetics and Mechanism of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1963, 2(11):633-645.
81. Kolb HC, Finn MG, Sharpless KB: Click Chemistry: Diverse Chemical Function from a Few Good Reactions. Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 2001, 40(11):2004-2021.
82. Fournier D, Hoogenboom R, Schubert US: Clicking polymers: A straightforward approach to novel macromolecular architectures. Chemical Society Reviews 2007, 36(8):1369-1380.
83. Binder WH, Sachsenhofer R: 'Click' chemistry in polymer and materials science. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2007, 28(1):15-54.
84. Binder WH, Sachsenhofer R: 'Click' chemistry in polymer and material science: An Update. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2008, 29(12-13):952-981.
85. Becer CR, Hoogenboom R, Schubert US: Click Chemistry beyond Metal-Catalyzed Cycloaddition. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2009, 48(27):4900-4908.
86. Lutz JF: 1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions of azides and alkynes: A universal ligation tool in polymer and materials science. Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 2007, 46(7):1018-1025.
87. Lowe AB: Thiol-ene "click" reactions and recent applications in polymer and materials synthesis. Polymer Chemistry 2010, 1(1):17-36.
88. Golas PL, Matyjaszewski K: Marrying click chemistry with polymerization: expanding the scope of polymeric materials. Chemical Society Reviews 2010, 39(4):1338-1354.
89. Barner-Kowollik C, Inglis AJ: Has click chemistry lead to a paradigm shift in polymer material design? Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2009, 210(12):987-992.
90. Rostovtsev VV, Green LG, Fokin VV, Sharpless KB: A Stepwise Huisgen Cycloaddition Process: Copper(I)-Catalyzed Regioselective “Ligation” of Azides and Terminal Alkynes. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2002, 41(14):2596-2599.
91. Diaz DD, Punna S, Holzer P, McPherson AK, Sharpless KB, Fokin VV, Finn MG: Click chemistry in materials synthesis. 1. Adhesive polymers from copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2004, 42(17):4392-4403.
92. Wu P, Feldman AK, Nugent AK, Hawker CJ, Scheel A, Voit B, Pyun J, Frechet JMJ, Sharpless KB, Fokin VV: Efficiency and Fidelity in a Click-Chemistry Route to Triazole Dendrimers by the Copper(I)-Catalyzed Ligation of Azides and Alkynes. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2004, 43(30):3928-3932.
93. Huisgen R: 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions. Past and Future. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 1963, 2(10):565-598.
94. Tornoe CW, Christensen C, Meldal M: Peptidotriazoles on Solid Phase:  [1,2,3]-Triazoles by Regiospecific Copper(I)-Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Terminal Alkynes to Azides. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2002, 67(9):3057-3064.
95. van Berkel SS, Dirks AJ, Meeuwissen SA, Pingen DLL, Boerman OC, Laverman P, van Delft FL, Cornelissen JJLM, Rutjes FPJT: Application of Metal-Free Triazole Formation in the Synthesis of Cyclic RGD–DTPA Conjugates. ChemBioChem 2008, 9(11):1805-1815.
96. Duxbury CJ, Cummins D, Heise A: Glaser coupling of polymers: Side-reaction in Huisgens “click” coupling reaction and opportunity for polymers with focal diacetylene units in combination with ATRP. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2009, 47(15):3795-3802.
97. Singh I, Zarafshani Z, Lutz J-Fo, Heaney F: Metal-Free “Click” Chemistry: Efficient Polymer Modification via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrile Oxides and Alkynes. Macromolecules 2009, 42(15):5411-5413.
98. Bock VD, Hiemstra H, van Maarseveen JH: CuI-Catalyzed Alkyne–Azide “Click” Cycloadditions from a Mechanistic and Synthetic Perspective. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2006, 2006(1):51-68.
99. Orgueira HA, Fokas D, Isome Y, Chan PCM, Baldino CM: Regioselective synthesis of [1,2,3]-triazoles catalyzed by Cu(I) generated in situ from Cu(0) nanosize activated powder and amine hydrochloride salts. Tetrahedron Letters 2005, 46(16):2911-2914.
100. Fazio F, Bryan MC, Blixt O, Paulson JC, Wong C-H: Synthesis of Sugar Arrays in Microtiter Plate. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2002, 124(48):14397-14402.
101. Chan TR, Hilgraf R, Sharpless KB, Fokin VV: Polytriazoles as Copper(I)-Stabilizing Ligands in Catalysis. Organic Letters 2004, 6(17):2853-2855.
102. Markovic E, Ginic-Markovic M, Clarke S, Matisons J, Hussain M, Simon GP: Poly(ethylene glycol)-Octafunctionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane:  Synthesis and Thermal Analysis. Macromolecules 2007, 40(8):2694-2701.
103. Ye Y-S, Chen W-Y, Wang Y-Z: Synthesis and properties of low-dielectric-constant polyimides with introduced reactive fluorine polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2006, 44(18):5391-5402.
104. Sinani VA, Gheith MK, Yaroslavov AA, Rakhnyanskaya AA, Sun K, Mamedov AA, Wicksted JP, Kotov NA: Aqueous Dispersions of Single-wall and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes with Designed Amphiphilic Polycations. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2005, 127(10):3463-3472.
105. Darcos V, Dureault A, Taton D, Gnanou Y, Marchand P, Caminade A-M, Majoral J-P, Destarac M, Leising F: Synthesis of hybrid dendrimer-star polymers by the RAFT process. Chemical Communications 2004(18):2110-2111.
106. Zheng Q, Pan C-y: Synthesis and Characterization of Dendrimer-Star Polymer Using Dithiobenzoate-Terminated Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimer via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Transfer Polymerization. Macromolecules 2005, 38(16):6841-6848.
107. Li C, Benicewicz BC: Synthesis of Well-Defined Polymer Brushes Grafted onto Silica Nanoparticles via Surface Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization. Macromolecules 2005, 38(14):5929-5936.
108. Li C, Han J, Ryu CY, Benicewicz BC: A Versatile Method To Prepare RAFT Agent Anchored Substrates and the Preparation of PMMA Grafted Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2006, 39(9):3175-3183.
109. Mayadunne RTA, Jeffery J, Moad G, Rizzardo E: Living Free Radical Polymerization with Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT Polymerization):  Approaches to Star Polymers. Macromolecules 2003, 36(5):1505-1513.
110. Fox TG, Flory PJ: Second-Order Transition Temperatures and Related Properties of Polystyrene. I. Influence of Molecular Weight. Volume 21: AIP; 1950.
111. FOX TG: Bull Am Phys Soc 1956, 1:123.