摘 要
本研究之目的係為探討使用行動電話之駕駛者，於接近十字路口時關鍵駕駛行為之影響，再者，特別強調具侵略性傾向駕駛者之行為差異。使用DBI (Driving Behaviour Inventory) 問卷遴選出6位具侵略性駕駛傾向之受試者與6位一般駕駛者，實驗時要求受試者駕駛行為研究車(Nissan Cefiro)行駛於市區道路上，並同時使用行動電話通話（數學加法作業）。藉由實驗人員及車內資訊蒐集系統量測答題表現（反應時間與正確率）、駕駛表現（如車速）、心率反應（如平均心率、心率增加量）與觀測駕駛適應行為等資訊。分析答題表現結果顯示，於實驗室內平均答題正確率為90\%，然而於市區行駛時正確率降為87.5\%，接近路口時更降低為75.8\%。此外，反應時間也有相同的結果，於實驗室內平均答題反應時間為3.8秒，於市區行駛時增加為4.5秒，接近路口時更增加為5.6秒。此結果證實使用行動電話行駛於於路口時會增加心智負荷，使肇事的危險性增加，因此駕駛者會試圖減少整體工作負荷而降低行駛車速，若駕駛通過綠燈路口且同時通話時，其車速比無通話時降低6.4\%。當駕駛者行駛車輛接近紅燈路口時，若同時執行通話時，其停車時間顯著較短、煞車斜率較陡峭、且心率增量較高。而探討侵略性駕駛傾向之影響時，具有侵略性傾向之駕駛者其煞車斜率顯著較為陡峭，以對應其行駛車速較快，而侵略性傾向與通話變項間，對煞車斜率具有顯著的交互作用影響，一般駕駛者無論有無通話其煞車斜率差異不顯著，然而當具侵略性傾向之駕駛者於行駛時同時通話，其車速仍然維持較快且較晚煞車，此意謂著其安全閾度降低。總而言之，安全駕駛為每位駕駛者之責任，當面臨較高的駕駛作業負荷時，必須採取適當措施以維持較高的安全閾度，如降低車速、禁用行動電話，同時必須教導駕駛者使用行動電話時需因交通環境變化而取捨，以維護行的安全。

ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of cellular phone communication on driving performance while approaching signalized intersections, with particular emphasis on individual aggressive disposition. In a pre-screen test, participant candidates were asked to complete a questionnaire containing a driving behaviour inventory (DBI) for assessment of aggression. Twelve participants (six aggressive and six non-aggressive) were recruited for the experiment. During the trials, the subjects were asked to drive across intersections or brake with or without concomitant cellular phone demand (mental addition tests). Measurements included task performance (response time, correct rate), driving performance (driving speed, stopping time, braking slope), physiological responses (mean heart rate, incremental heart rate), and compensatory behavior. Analysis of task performance revealed a mean correct rate of 90\% for addition tests in the laboratory; however, this decreased to 87.5\% in city traffic and 75.8\% at intersections. The mean (SD) response time for these addition tests was 3.8 (1.9) sec in the laboratory, 4.5 (1.9) sec in city traffic, and 5.6 (2.4) sec at the intersections. These results confirm the notion that the combination of decision making and cellular phone communication at signalized intersections increases accident risk. This study has examined compensatory behavior as drivers attempt to reduce workload. Driving speed while passing through green lights and simultaneously performing addition tests was 6.4\% lower (45.1 km/h) than in normal driving. This indicates that drivers adjust their speeds to keep subjective perception of risk levels constant. When they respond to a red light, distraction causes drivers to react later; to compensate, drivers brake harder. Present study also demonstrate that aggressive disposition may be associated with the erosion of these safety margins, which can differ significantly between individuals. In the final analysis, safe driving relies on good driving practice, prioritization of safety, and maintenance of adequate margins.

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