This paper investigates the relationship between tax avoidance and multinational mining corporation profitability. This research examines the possible moderating effect of potential growth, level of diversification, and a level of leverage on multinational mining corporation profitability by avoiding taxes. The sample comprises 25 multinational corporations in the mining sector and covers from 2014 to 2018.
First, I found significant positive direct evidence that multinational mining corporation during the sample period is more likely to increase firm performance by engaging in tax avoidance. Results were consistent with non-conforming tax avoidance. The finding confirmed that multinational mining corporations increase their profitability to avoid income taxation by using international tax avoidance channels. Otherwise, Mining parent corporations have located in different host countries. Having subsidiaries in many countries allows using many differential tax rates between a parent company and subsidiaries for reducing their tax liability. Mining corporations can minimize tax liability, increasing profitability by lowering effective tax rates.
In addition, I found negative direct evidence of cash tax avoidance and firm profitability. Cash tax avoidance (conforming tax avoidance) reduces taxable and financial income, showing a negative relationship between tax avoidance and firm profitability. It was consistent with notion that strict regulatory constraints reduce profit shifting and transfer pricing. As a result it leads to reduce multinational corporation profitability.
Further, I found a moderating impact of a lower level of potential growth strengthens the relationship between multinational mining corporation profitability and tax avoidance. The finding was consistent with my hypothesis: multinational mining corporation profitability does have a relationship with the potential growth of corporations when there is non-conforming tax avoidance. The results did not support whereas conforming tax avoidance exists. Younger multinational mining corporations might have a better opportunity to increase profitability when taxpayers use exempted tax regimes.
Moreover, I found that moderating effect of a higher level of diversification allows engaging in tax avoidance activities. These results are consistent with the high level of diversification that influences positively on multinational mining profitability. Multinational corporations with a higher number of subsidiaries in the mining industry tend to increase profitability by avoiding taxes.
Finally, the result is consistent with a lower level of leverage strengthens firm profitability by engaging in non-conforming tax avoidance while existing conforming tax avoidance result is insignificant.

This paper investigates the relationship between tax avoidance and multinational mining corporation profitability. This research examines the possible moderating effect of potential growth, level of diversification, and a level of leverage on multinational mining corporation profitability by avoiding taxes. The sample comprises 25 multinational corporations in the mining sector and covers from 2014 to 2018.
First, I found significant positive direct evidence that multinational mining corporation during the sample period is more likely to increase firm performance by engaging in tax avoidance. Results were consistent with non-conforming tax avoidance. The finding confirmed that multinational mining corporations increase their profitability to avoid income taxation by using international tax avoidance channels. Otherwise, Mining parent corporations have located in different host countries. Having subsidiaries in many countries allows using many differential tax rates between a parent company and subsidiaries for reducing their tax liability. Mining corporations can minimize tax liability, increasing profitability by lowering effective tax rates.
In addition, I found negative direct evidence of cash tax avoidance and firm profitability. Cash tax avoidance (conforming tax avoidance) reduces taxable and financial income, showing a negative relationship between tax avoidance and firm profitability. It was consistent with notion that strict regulatory constraints reduce profit shifting and transfer pricing. As a result it leads to reduce multinational corporation profitability.
Further, I found a moderating impact of a lower level of potential growth strengthens the relationship between multinational mining corporation profitability and tax avoidance. The finding was consistent with my hypothesis: multinational mining corporation profitability does have a relationship with the potential growth of corporations when there is non-conforming tax avoidance. The results did not support whereas conforming tax avoidance exists. Younger multinational mining corporations might have a better opportunity to increase profitability when taxpayers use exempted tax regimes.
Moreover, I found that moderating effect of a higher level of diversification allows engaging in tax avoidance activities. These results are consistent with the high level of diversification that influences positively on multinational mining profitability. Multinational corporations with a higher number of subsidiaries in the mining industry tend to increase profitability by avoiding taxes.
Finally, the result is consistent with a lower level of leverage strengthens firm profitability by engaging in non-conforming tax avoidance while existing conforming tax avoidance result is insignificant.

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