本研究旨在利用實驗設計的方法研究不同的油品組合、水量倍數以及鹼量對手工皂的品質特性，包括酸鹼值、硬度及縮水率等的變化。本研究透過收集市面上超過200個公開配方，發現每個手工皂的配方存在很大的差異，不同的油品組合會直接影響硬度，不同的水量倍數會直接影響縮水率，不同的鹼量也會對成品的pH值皂成影響。因此，本研究透過實驗設計（Design of Experiment, DOE）的方法及統計軟體的分析，嘗試找出哪些因子會對品質特性有直接的影響及效果是否顯著等。由於從實驗中發現不同的酸鹼值檢測方式會有不同的結果出現，對於判斷手工皂是否熟成的指標也有不同的方法，本實驗也同時使用三種檢測方式(pH檢測儀、酚肽指示劑、廣用試紙)來進行交叉比對。比對結果以pH檢測儀測量最為準確，但若考量成本的話則使用酚肽指示劑、廣用試紙具有優勢，不過使用酚肽指示劑、廣用試紙容易受個人主觀因素影響造成判斷上出現誤差。本研究實驗結果發現水量倍數對手工皂的縮水率有統計上顯著的影響，而油品組合以及鹼量對酸鹼值、硬度及縮水率均不至於顯著的影響。除此之外，本研究也發現不同的配方組合對脫膜後的外觀也有直接的影響，其中軟油比率較高(65%)且水量倍數1.5的配方容易導致手工皂呈現鬆糕現象，這是過去文獻中尚未被提及的新發現。

The purpose of this research is to utilize the method of experimental design to study the influence of different oil combinations, multiple of water volume and alkali content on the quality characteristics of handmade soap, including changes in pH value, hardness and shrinkage. In this study, we collected more than 200 public formulas on the market and found that the formula of each handmade soap is very different. Different oil combinations will directly affect the hardness, and different multiple of water volume will directly affect the handmade soap’s shrinkage rate. The various of alkali content also has an impact on the pH value of the finished product. Therefore, this research applied the design of experiment (DOE) method and the analysis of statistical software to validate which factors have a direct impact on the quality characteristics. It was found from the experiment that different pH measurement methods might have different results. In addition, there are also different methods for judging whether the handmade soap is mature. This experiment used three pH measurement methods (pH detector, pHenol peptide indicator, Test paper) for cross-comparison. The pH detector is the most accurate measurement. If the cost is considered, the use of pHenol peptide indicators and test paper has advantages although the result could be easily affected by human subjective errors. The experimental results showed that the multiple of water volume has statistically significant on the shrinkage based on ANOVA result. However, Oil combinations and alkali content are not statistically significant on pH value, hardness and shrinkage. In addition, this study also found that different formula combinations also have a direct impact on the appearance of the handmade soap. Among them, the formula with a higher soft oil ratio (65%) and 1.5 multiple of water volume can easily form the handmade soap as a sponge cake outlook. This is a new discovery that has not been mentioned in the literature in the past.

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