三維(3D)列印深具市場潛力，未來應用將越來越廣泛。本文探討市售3D列印線材丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)，以加熱混製法，混入二氧化鈦(TiO2)奈米粉末後之硬度與抗拉強度實驗，並在室溫、50℃、75℃與100℃，四種不同溫度下進行潛變實驗、動態機械性質實驗、黏彈性分析與有限元素分析，並將混製完成的線材以3D列印設備列印成品後相互比較。實驗結果顯示，ABS添加TiO2不影響3D模型列印製程，並能有效提升原材ABS之抗拉強度、硬度、儲存模數等機械性質。由動態機械性質分析觀察得知，添加TiO2奈米粉體亦能略為提升ABS材料對溫度的抵抗能力。其次，將混製完成的奈米複合線材實驗結果以標準固體三參數模型進行黏彈性質分析，其分析結果與實驗結果一致。同時，運用有限元素分析進行奈米複合線材3D列印後成品的潛變性質，模擬結果與線材3D列印後成品實驗結果吻合。本研究顯示，添加TiO2奈米粉體並不影響3D模型的列印製程，且奈米粉級TiO2對於ABS材料有提升機械性質的作用，同時可降低溫度對ABS材料的影響。

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has attracted enormous interest for potential applications of building diverse products. This work studies the hardness and strength of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), a widely used 3D printing filament, blended with TiO2 nanoparticles. The creep testing and dynamic mechanical analysis accompanied with the viscoelastic analysis and finite element analysis of the filaments and printed products at room temperature, 50, 75, and 100 C are also investigated. The results show that the mechanical strength, hardness, and storage modulus of ABS filaments increase by adding TiO2 nanoparticles. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis also show that the ABS filaments blended with TiO2 nanoparticles behave better performance at high temperature. A standard solid three-parameter model is employed to simulate the viscoelastic properties of the filaments. The simulation results agree well with the experimental data. Furthermore, finite element method is used to simulate the creep behavior of the printed specimens. The consistent tendency are achieved between the experimental results and numerical simulation. This work indicated that adding TiO2 nanoparticles effectively improves the thermo-mechanical properties of ABS filaments without reducing the 3D printing productivity.

參考文獻
[1] 科技部，科學發展Science Development：金屬3D列印技術，No.523，台灣，2016。
[2] 丁金江，科技發展觀測平台「2015年資通訊議題」年度報告，國研院科政中心，台灣，2016。
[3] 潘天佑，3D噴印快速原型系統之研製，國立台灣科技大學，碩士論文，台灣，2005。
[4] 林佳輝，塑料再生資源產業國際化歷程之探討，國立成功大學，碩士論文，台灣，2015。
[5] 3D Printer Technology–Animation of layering,Create It Real, 2012. (http://www.createitreal.com)
[6] Jane Bird, Exploring the 3D printing opportunity, The Financial Times, 2012.
[7] Hideo Kodama, A Scheme for Three-Dimensional Display by Automatic Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Model, IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Electronics (Japanese Edition), Vol. J64-C, No. 4, pp. 237-241, 1981.
[8] Hideo Kodama, Automatic method for fabricating a three-dimensional plastic model with photo-hardening polymer, Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 52, No. 11, pp. 1770-1773, 1981.
[9] 林鼎勝，義守大學生物醫學工程學系，3D列印的發展現況，科學發展，第503期，2014。
[10] 3D列印機-初學入門指南，第三章：3D列印基礎入門，開源科技有限公司 Open Tech Inc. Taiwan，2015。
[11] Sherman,Lilli Manolis, A whole new dimension–Rich homes can afford 3D printers, The Economist, 2007.
[12] 朱專捷，3D列印成形材料ABS與ABS/TiO2之機械性質分析械性質分析，聖約翰科技大學，台灣，碩士論文，2015。
[13] 張睿麟，3D列印與自造者時代的商業模式，東海大學，碩士論文，台灣，2014。
[14] 熔融沉積型積層製造(FDM)技術，雷射與積層製造科技中心，工業技術研究院。
[15] 3D列印機-初學入門指南，第四章：3D列印成型工藝，開源科技有限公司 Open Tech Inc. Taiwan， 2015。
[16] 3D列印的原理與應用範疇，馬路科技，http://www.rat.com.tw。
[17] 3D列印技術應用領域，壹讀。https://read01.com/87j3A3.html。
[18] 3D瑪有限公司，https://3d mart.com.tw。
[19] 塑膠物語:熱可塑性工程塑膠 ABS，塑膠工業技術發展中心Plastics Industry Development Center。
[20] 奇美實業，http://www.chimeicorp.com。
[21] 維基百科，https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/二氧化鈦。
[22] 科技大觀園，https://scitechvista.nat.gov.tw/c/hDWP.htm。
[23] 林建宏，以混練法製備ABS樹脂/奈米二氧化鈦複合材料之研究，中國文化大學，台灣，碩士論文，2013。
[24] R. Dave and J, L. Kardos, Polymer compositeslene, Vol. 518, pp. 57-132, 1987。
[25] D. M. Joseph, Thermal Analysis of Polymer, Vol. 156, pp. 387-495, 2008。
[26] J. Más, A. Vidaurre, J. M. Meseguer, F. Romero, M. Monleón Pradas, J. L. Gómez Ribelles, M. L. L. Maspoch, O. O. Santana, P. Pagés, J. Pérez-Folch, Dynamic mechanical properties of polycarbonate and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer Blends, Journal of Applied polymer blends, Vol. 83(7), pp. 1507-1516, 2002.
[27] 陳長有，機械材料實驗，全華圖書，2008。
[28] R. M. Christensen, Theory of Viscoelasticity, An Introduction, 2nd ed., Academic Press, 1982.
[29] T. J. Chung, Continuum Mechanics, Prentice-Hall International Edition, 1988.
[30] Y. M. Haddad, Viscoelasticity of Engineering Materials, Chapman & Hall, 1995.
[31] ANSYS Mechanical APDL Material Reference, ANSYS Inc. 2013.
[32] N. W. Kim, K. W. Kim, H. C. Sin, Finite element analysis of low temperature thermal nanoimprint lithography using a viscoelastic model, Microelectronic Engineering, Vol. 85, pp. 1858–1865, 2008.
[33] http://www.matweb.com
[34] Angel R. Torrado, Corey M. Shemelya, Joel D. English, Yirong Lin, Ryan B. Wicker, David A. Roberson, Characterizing the effect of additives to ABS on the mechanical propertyanisotropy of specimens fabricated by material extrusion 3D printing, Science Direct, A.R. Torrado et al. Additive Manufacturing 6, pp. 16–29, 2015.
[35] Adhiyamaan Arivazhagan, S.H. Masood, Dynamic Mechanical Properties of ABS Material Processed by Fused Deposition Modelling, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp. 2009-2014, 2012.
[36] Fuda Ning, Weilong Cong, Jingjing Qiu, Junhua wei, Shiren Wang, Additive manufacturing of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites using deposition modeling, Composites Part B 80, pp. 369-378, 2015.
[37] Nikzad Mostafaa, Hasan Masood Syeda, Sbarski Igora, Groth Andrew, A Study of Melt Flow Analysis of an ABS-Iron Composite in Fused Deposition Modelling Process, Tsinghua Science & Technology, Vol. 14, Supplement 1, pp. 29-37, 2012.
[38] Dario Croccolo, Massimiliano De Agostinis, Giorgio Olmi, Experimental characterization and analytical modelling of the mechanical behaviour of fused deposition processed parts made of ABS-M30, Computational Materials Science 79 pp. 506-518, 2013.
[39] Miquel Domingo-Espin a, Josep M. Puigoriol-Forcada a, Andres-Amador Garcia-Granada a, Jordi Lluma c, Salvador Borros b, Guillermo Reyes, Mechanical property characterization and simulation of fused deposition modeling Polycarbonate parts, Materials & Design 83, pp. 670-677, 2015.
[40] Eric J. McCullough, Vamsi K. Yadavalli, Surface modification of fused deposition modeling ABS to enable rapid prototyping of biomedical microdevices, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 213, pp. 947-954, 2013.
[41] Ankita Hazarika, Manabendra Mandal, Tarun K. Maji, Dynamic mechanical analysis, biodegradability and thermal stability of wood polymer nanocomposites, Composites: Part B 60, pp. 568-576, 2014.