本研究之目的為利用三向度有限元素分析二次灌漿之效益。首先針對台北捷運土城延伸線CD266施工標之案例，以PLAXIS 3D進行數值分析模擬，並與監測斷面結果比較驗證，以確定三向度數值模擬分析時，土壤模式的適用性、土壤及結構參數的選取、潛盾機壓力的決定、二次灌漿模擬之正確性。本研究針對灌漿材料強度的改變、不同二次灌漿厚度及改變二次灌漿的灌注時間進行參數研究，探討二次灌漿在不同條件下之效益。最後利用PLAXIS 3D模擬在潛盾隧道施工前，將隧道上方土層施作全面地盤改良，視其抑制地表沉陷之效益。研究結果顯示，因為潛盾機主要沉陷來自於盾尾脫盾後之盾尾間隙，於其一天後施作二次灌漿，能抑制的地盤變位並不顯著。建物保護應於隧道鑽掘前即採取對策最為有效，事後之防護對沉陷之防止效果則較為有限。

It is common to use secondary grouting as a protection method in shield tunneling. In this study, a series of finite element analyses were conducted using PLAXIS 3D 2017 to investigate the secondary grouting effect in EPB shield tunneling cases through CD266 contract of Taipei Mass Rapid Transit System Tucheng Line. First, the soil model and parameters of soil and structural elements were calibrated with the field measurement data. Various parametric studies were executed to assess the impact of secondary grouting layer thickness, different strength of the composite material and the injection timing of the secondary grouting. It was found from this study that the secondary grouting had no effect to mitigate the settlement, even increased the thickness and strength of the grouting zone. This is because the major settlement occurred when segmental lining left the TBM shield. That was the reason why the secondary grouting after that time couldn't mitigate the settlement. To have a better effect in reducing the settlement, the protection methods should be conducted before the TBM excavated.

中華民國隧道協會研究發展委員會(2004)。軟土潛盾隧道工程設計與實例手冊。台北市: 科技圖書。
中華民國隧道協會研究發展委員會(2009)。潛盾隧道設計及施工準則與解說。台北市: 科技圖書。
台北捷運施工和鄰房保護地盤改良案例(2000)。黃南輝、金全鑫。檢自 http://www.maa.com.tw/common/publications/2000/2000-012.pdf(May.15,2018)。
吳宗憲(1994)。柱狀地盤改良應用於深開挖之分析研究。碩士論文，國立台灣工業技術學院，營建工程技術研究所，台北。
胡森、謝家麟(1997)。軟弱土層潛盾隧道內補強灌漿之建物保護。地工技術雜誌，(60)，65-82。
黃南輝、黃奕祥、黃姿連、楊鵬飛(1997)。潛盾施工所導致之沉陷槽分析。地工技術雜誌，(60)，45-56。
歐章煜(2017)。進階深開挖工程分析與設計。台北市: 科技圖書。
賴慶和、余明山、吳建閩、吳偉康(1997)。以二次注入灌漿控制潛盾施估引致之沉陷。地工技術雜誌，(60)，83-96。
冀樹勇、林金成、陳錦清(2000)。間隙參數模式在潛盾隧道地盤位移之應用-Ⅰ:最佳化回饋分析。中興工程，(66)，5-26。
賴建名、蘇啟鑫、胡庭豪(2006)。台北捷運潛盾隧道沉陷回饋分析與PLAXIS程式之應用。中興工程，(92)，39-47。
蕭奎仁(2016)。應用等值參數於深開挖地盤改良分析之研究。碩士論文，國立台灣科技大學，營建工程研究所，台北。
闕河淵、吳沛軫、朱世忠、蘇信淵(1996)。地下工程施工對鄰近建物保護施作時機及成效檢討。地工技術雜誌，(54)，77-86。
 
Amadou Jallow(2018). Numerical Study of Long-term Settlement Induced in Shield Tunneling (Master’s thesis). Dept. of Constr. Engrg., Nat. Taiwan Inst. of Technol., Taipei, Taiwan.
Brinkgreve, R., Engin, E., & Swolfs, W.M. (2017). Plaxis 3D 2017-User’s Manual. Delft, Netherlands, PLAXIS.
Clough, G. W., & Schmidt, B. (1981). Design and performance of excavations and tunnels in soft clay. In Soft Clay Engineering, Elsevier, 20, 567-634.
Calvello, M., & Finno, R. (2004). Selecting parameters to optimize in model calibration by inverse analysis. Computer and Geotechnics, 31(5),410-424.
Fattah, M.Y., Shlash, K.T. & Salim, N.M. (2013). Prediction of settlement trough induced by tunneling in cohesive ground. Acta Geotechnica, 8(2), 167-179.
Jaky, J. (1944). The coefficient of earth pressure at rest. J. Soc. Hungarian Architects Eng., 8 (22), 355-358.
Khoiri,M., & Ou, C.Y. (2013). Evaluation of deformation parameter for deep excavation in sand through case histories. Computer and Geotechnics, 47,57-67.
Lee, S.H.H. (1990). Regression models of shear wave velocity. J. Chinese Eng., 13(5), 519-532.
Lee,K.M., Rowe, R.K., & Lo, KY. (1992). Subsidence owing to tunneling. I. Estimating the gap parameter. Can. Geotech.J., 29(6), 929-940.
Loganathan, N.& Poulos H.G. (1998) Analytical prediction for tunneling-induced ground movements in Clays. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124 (9), 846-856.
Lim, A., Ou, C.Y., & Hsieh,P.G. (2010). Evaluation of clay constitutive models for analysis of deep excavation under undrained condition. J. GeoEng., 5(1),9-20.
Lim, A., & Ou, C.Y. (2017). Stress paths in deep excavation under undrained conditions and its influence on deformation analysis. Tunnel. Underground Sp. Technol., 63,118-132.
Martos, F. (1958). Concerning an approximate equation of the subsidence trough and its time factors. In Internation strata control congress, Leipzig, 191-205.
O’Reilly, M.P., New, B.M. (1982). Settlements above tunnels in the United Kingdom: their magnitude and prediction. In: Tunneling ’82: 3rd International Symposium, Birghton, East Sussex, United Kingdom, 225-289.
Peck,R.B. (1969). Deep excavation and tnnneling in soft ground. Proceedings of 7th International Conference Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Mexico, State of the Art Volume, 225-290.
Pitthaya, J., Panich, V., Pornpot, T., Pornkasem, J., & Dennes, T. B. (2018). Effectiveness of deep cement mixing walls with top-down construction for deep excavations in soft clay: case study and 3D simulation. Acta Geotechnica, 14(1), 225-246.
Rowe,R.K., Lo,K.Y., & Kack, G.J. (1983). A method of estimating surface settlement above tunnels construction in soft ground. Can. Geotech.J., 20(8),11-22.
Schanz, T., Vermeer, P.A., & Bonnier,P.G. (1999). The hardening soil model: The hardening soil model: formulation and verification. In: Beyond 2000 in Computational Geotechnics-10 Years Plaxis, Rotterdam, 281-296.
Teng,F.C. (2010). Prediction of Ground Movement Induced by Excavation Using the Numerical Method with Consideration of Inherent Stiffness Anisotropy (Doctoral dissertation). Dept. of Constr. Engrg., Nat. Taiwan Inst. of Technol., Taipei, Taiwan.