Supercapacitor Performance of Expanded Magnetic Graphene Composites｜國立臺灣科技大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	馬哈茂德 Mahmoud - Mohamed Mahmoud Ahmed
論文名稱：	Supercapacitor Performance of Expanded Magnetic Graphene Composites Supercapacitor Performance of Expanded Magnetic Graphene Composites
指導教授：	今榮東洋子 Toyoko Imae
口試委員:	鄧熙聖 Hsisheng Teng 孫嘉良 Chia-Liang Sun 江志強 Jyh-Chiang Jiang 氏原真樹 Masaki Ujihara
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	應用科技學院 - 應用科技研究所 Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
論文出版年：	2016
畢業學年度：	104
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	127
中文關鍵詞：	Magneticfield 、Supercapacitor 、Graphene 、Surfacearea
外文關鍵詞：	Magnetic field, Supercapacitor, Graphene, Surface area
相關次數：	點閱：261 下載：0
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磁性石墨烯複合材料(Magnetic grapheme composite, MGC)是由氧化鐵-石墨插層化合物(Graphite intercalation compounds, GIC)經空氣中加熱 400℃/75分鐘及 900℃再加熱 2 分鐘衍生而來。該材料經熱處理後，石墨烯與石墨間的距離增大進而使該材料表面積達到 17.2 m2/g。因此，磁性石墨烯複合材料的比電容值與未經熱處理前增加高達 840%。此外，該材料(MGC-900)與苯胺進行原位聚合得到比電容值為 253 F/g 在 5mV/s 掃描速度下。由此可知，經熱處理及與導電高分子雜交可產生一有效膨脹 MGC 並具增強電化學活性和相對高的能量密度。

另外，MGC 在真空加熱至 2000℃(MGC-900-2000)，可得到更薄的剝落層，其具單層或數層的石墨烯其表面積為 53 m2/g. 剝落複合物(MGC-900-2000)更能提高電化學性能，其電容表現是加熱前的 18 倍。

此外，MGC 在各種不同磁場梯度作用下進行電化學性能研究，我們發現有效磁場為 105W，其電容表現比原來高出 40 倍。而在相同掃描速度下，我們發現 MGC-900-PANI 在磁場下其電容高達 521 F/g。由這些結果顯出石墨剝落並施加一磁場之協同效應可大大提升電化學性能。

最後在這三種不同實驗顯示利用不同方法得低缺陷的石墨剝落，其使促進合成方法及電化學性能。此外，在磁場下之電化學性能表現能開創能源科學和其技術應用。

Magnetic graphene (MGC) composite derived from stage-1 FeCl3–graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) was thermally treated up to 75 min at 400 °C and for 2 min at 900 °C in air. The heat treatments of the composite induced the cubical expansion of graphene with the enlargement of inter-graphene distances. Heating played a considerable role in the increase in surface area that reached 17.2 m2 g−1 during the nondefective inter-graphene exfoliation. Accordingly, the specific capacitance of MGC composite increased up to 840% of its initial value upon heating of pristine MGC composite in comparison with its value before heat treatment. Moreover, MGC heated at 900 °C (MGC-900) was hybridized with polyaniline through in situ polymerization of aniline to achieve a specific capacitance of 253 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1. Heat treatment and hybridization with a conductive polymer can effectively produce an efficient-expanded MGC composite with enhanced electrochemical activity and relatively high energy density.

Separately, MGC-900 was heated at 2000 °C in vacuum atmosphere, yielding a massive expansion with well-separated layers. This exfoliation produced very thin layers including single and few-layer graphene with a surface area of 53 m2g-1. The exfoliated composite (MGC-900-2000) showed boosted electrochemical performance, with capacitive performance increasing 18 times the original value prior to heating.

Additionally, the electrochemical performance of MGC under the effect of magnetic field was investigated. Various magnetic field gradients were thoroughly examined, and the effective DC power was 105 W. Capacitive performance was 40 times higher than the original value. Furthermore, when MGC-900-PANI was investigated, the capacitive routine reached 521 Fg-1 at the same scan rate. These results clearly showed the synergistic effect of the applied magnetic field on graphene exfoliation by improving its electrochemical performance.

These three different experiments showed various methods of defect-less graphene exfoliation to promote its synthesis procedure as well as electrochemical performance. Moreover, the electrochemical performance under magnetic field could inaugurate a plethora of the magnetic field in energy science and technology applications.

Table of Contents
Abstract.........................................................................................................................1
Acknowledgements......................................................................................................3
Table of Contents.........................................................................................................6
List of Figures.............................................................................................................10
List of Tables..............................................................................................................14

Chapter I: General Introduction..............................................................................15
1–     Historical background of "static electricity"...............................................15
2–     Basics of electric double layer.......................................................................16
3–     Electric Double-Layer at Interface of Electrode and in Electrolyte 		Solution............................................................................................................17
4–     Materials for Supercapacitors.......................................................................19


4.1–       Materials for Electric Double Layer Capacitors........................19

4.2–       Materials for pseudo-capacitors...................................................23

4.3–      Materials for hybrid supercapacitors...........................................24


5–     Electrode Requirements for Electrochemical Supercapacitors.................26

6–     Energy and Power Densities of Electrochemical Supercapacitors............27
6.1–     Energy Densities..............................................................................27
6.2–      Power density..................................................................................28
7– Ragone Plot: Relationship of Energy Density and Power Density.................29
8– Difference between EDLC supercapacitor and batteries...............................30 1.9–Applications of Supercapacitors........................................................................32 1.10–Scope of this thesis.............................................................................................33

Chapter II: Electrochemical properties of thermally expanded magnetic graphene composites and their hybrids with a conductive polymer.....................35

1–    Introduction.....................................................................................................35
2–    Experimental section.......................................................................................37
2.1–    Reagents.............................................................................................37
2.2–  Instruments.........................................................................................37
2.3–  Heat-treatment of magnetic graphene.............................................38
2.4– Polymerization on a heat-treated expanded graphene composite..38
2.5–Electrochemical characterizations......................................................38
3–Results and discussions.......................................................................................39
3.1–  Characterization of heat-treated expanded magnetic graphene 	      		     composites......................................................................................39

3.2– Electrochemistry of heat-treated expanded magnetic graphene          		     composites......................................................................................47

3.3–       Effects of polyaniline hybridized on the expanded magnetic 		                graphene composites......................................................................59

4-   Conclusions........................................................................................................64
Chapter III: Effect of Ultra-high temperature for exfoliation of magnetic graphene
1 – Introduction.......................................................................................................66
2 – Experimental section.........................................................................................68
2-1– Reagents...............................................................................................68
2.2– Instruments..........................................................................................68
2.3–Heat-treatment of graphene................................................................69
2.4–Electrochemical characterizations......................................................70
3 – Results and discussions.....................................................................................70
3.1– Characterization of thermally exfoliated graphene.........................70
3.2–Electrochemical performance of exfoliated graphene......................78
4- Conclusions..........................................................................................................80

Chapter IV
Chapter IV: Performance by external  Magnetic field on Capacitance of Graphene-based composites
1 – Introduction.......................................................................................................82
2 – Experimental section.........................................................................................84
2.1- Reagents................................................................................................84
2.2- Preparation of expanded magnetic graphene compounds...............84
2.3-Polymerization of aniline on exfoliated magnetic graphene   		      compound..................................................................................................85
2.4-CV measurements.................................................................................85	4.2.5- CV measurement under magnetic field.............................................86
3-Results and Discussions.......................................................................................87
3.1- Electrochemistry of magnetic graphene............................................87
4- Conclusions..........................................................................................................96

 Chapter V: General Conclusions & Future aspects...............................................97
         5.1–  General Conclusions............................................................................97
2– Future aspects.......................................................................................99

References........................................................................................................100

Conference list..........................................................................................................119
Publication list..........................................................................................................123

                                

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全文公開日期 2021/08/02 (校內網路)
全文公開日期 2026/08/02 (校外網路)
全文公開日期 2026/08/02 (國家圖書館：臺灣博碩士論文系統)

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