The identification of harmful gases has attracted considerable attention due to the growing concerns about the environment. In this present investigation, we utilized free-based tetraphenyl porphyrin (TPP) and iron tetraphenyl porphyrin (FeTPP) to modify thermally reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for detecting carbon monoxide (CO). Sensors incorporating TPP and FeTPP functionalized rGO (FeTPP@rGO) were created on a glass substrate with copper electrodes coated through thermal means. Various characterization techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Energy-dispersive Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy, were employed for a thorough examination of the materials. The operational performance of the device was further assessed through current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. Significantly, the FeTPP@rGO device demonstrated heightened sensitivity in CO detection. Utilizing a chemiresistive sensing approach, the developed device exhibited an admirable response time of 60 seconds and a recovery time of 120 seconds, with an impressive low detection limit of 2.5 ppm. These results highlight the potential of the FeTPP@rGO sensor for accurately detecting carbon monoxide in gaseous environments.

Keywords: Air pollution, Carbon monoxide Chemiresistive sensor, Gas analyte, Graphene, Porphyrin

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