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研究生： 徐慶琪
Ching-Chi Hsu
論文名稱： 骨螺絲之結構設計與生物力學分析
Structural Designs and Biomechanical Analyses of the Orthopaedic Screws
指導教授： 趙振綱
Ching-Kong Chao
林晉
Jinn Lin
口試委員: 黃榮芳
none
劉見賢
none
王兆麟
none
朱銘祥
none
單秋成
none
張冠諒
none
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 工程學院 - 機械工程系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2006
畢業學年度： 94
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 201
中文關鍵詞： 生物力學測試 、有限元素法 、脛骨螺絲 、椎弓足骨螺絲 、疲勞 、咬合強度
外文關鍵詞： Biomechanical test, Finite element analysis, Tibial screw, Pedicle screw, Fatigue, Holding power
相關次數： 點閱：312  下載：131 
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    • 鎖定式骨髓內釘與脊椎內固定器已分別廣泛地用於治療脛骨骨幹骨折與脊椎椎骨的病變，臨床使用上發現骨螺絲是植入物中最容易發生破壞的元件，當骨螺絲發生失效時往往會造成骨折固定失敗、無法癒合與延遲癒合，而骨螺絲的臨床失效模式主要有破斷與鬆脫兩種，本論文的目的為針對脛骨螺絲與椎弓足骨螺絲之骨咬合強度與彎曲強度性能作分析，以生物力學實驗進行實際測試，並建立三維有限元素分析模型以模擬生物力學實驗的結果。
    在脛骨螺絲之生物力學分析中，以骨咬合強度實驗、降伏強度實驗與疲勞強度實驗測試其骨咬合強度與彎曲強度性能，建立三維非線性有限元素分析模型來模擬生物力學實驗，針對脛骨螺絲之設計參數以田口品質工程法進行參數化分析，並使用遺傳演算法配合骨螺絲幾何限制條件求得最佳的脛骨螺絲設計。由結果得知生物力學實驗之結果與有限元素模擬之結果有高的相關性(>0.90)，在參數化分析中，外徑、節距與螺牙傾角是決定骨咬合強度的重要設計參數，而內徑與根部弧角半徑是決定彎曲強度的重要設計參數，較大的根部弧角半徑設計與鈦合金材質的脛骨螺絲可顯著的提昇其疲勞強度，在最佳化設計中，遺傳演算法可求得脛骨螺絲同時具有較佳的骨咬合強度與彎曲強度之最佳化設計，骨螺絲幾何限制條件可避免不合理的脛骨螺絲設計，市售的脛骨螺絲可依據最佳化之結果獲得設計上的改善。
    在椎弓足骨螺絲之生物力學分析中，以拉出強度實驗、扭轉強度實驗、降伏強度實驗與疲勞強度實驗測試其骨咬合強度與彎曲強度性能，建立三維非線性有限元素分析模型來模擬生物力學實驗，改變椎弓足骨螺絲之設計參數，探討其對骨咬合強度與彎曲強度性能的影響。由結果得知生物力學實驗之結果與有限元素模擬之結果有高的相關性(>0.85)，考慮骨骼擠壓效應時可增加椎弓足骨螺絲之骨咬合強度性能，椎弓足骨螺絲之錐度長度越長或在近端螺牙處具有較大的內徑時會有較佳的彎曲強度性能，椎弓足骨螺絲之內徑是決定骨咬合強度性能的重要設計參數，而錐度則是決定彎曲強度性能的重要設計參數，圓錐型椎弓足骨螺絲可同時具有高的骨咬合強度與彎曲強度性能。
    本論文之研究成果可提供給醫學領域的骨科醫師於臨床應用的選擇依據，並給予工程領域的設計人員於研發新型植入物的設計依據與方法。

    Interlocking nail and internal spinal fixator have been extensively used to treat tibial shaft fracture and spinal diseases respectively. In clinical application, tibial locking screws and spinal pedicle screws are the weakest part of the implants. Screw failure may cause loss of fracture fixation, non-union, and delayed union. Screw fracture and screw loosening are two main clinical failure modes. The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate bone holding power and bending strength of tibial locking screws and spinal pedicle screws by biomechanical tests and three-dimensional finite element analyses.
    In biomechanical analyses of tibial locking screws, bone holding power and bending strength were assessed by bone holding power tests, yielding tests, and fatigue tests. Three-dimensional finite element models were established to simulate the results of biomechanical tests. The parametric study was done by Taguchi robust design method. In addition, the optimum design of tibial locking screws was obtained by using genetic algorithm and geometric constraints. The analytical results of tibial locking screw models were closely related to those of biomechanical tests with high correlation coefficient (>0.90). In the parametric study, outer diameter, pitch, and half angle were the main factors for bone holding power and inner diameter and root radius were the important factors for bending strength. Titanium tibial locking screw with larger root radius could significantly increase its fatigue strength. In optimum study, tibial locking screw with higher bone holding power and bending strength could be found by genetic algorithm and the unreasonable designs could be eliminated by geometric constraints. The design of commercial tibial locking screws could be improved according to the results of the optimum analysis.
    In biomechanical analyses of spinal pedicle screws, bone holding power and bending strength were evaluated by pullout tests, stripping tests, yielding tests, and fatigue tests. Three-dimensional finite element models were established to simulate the results of biomechanical tests. Bone holding power and bending strength of pedicle screws were discussed by changing their geometry and dimension. The analytical results of spinal pedicle screw models were closely related to those of biomechanical tests with high correlation coefficient (>0.85). The bone compaction effect could enhance bone holding power of pedicle screws. Pedicle screws with longer conical length and larger inner diameter at the hub had higher bending strength. In the parametric study, inner diameter was the main factor for bone holding power and conical angle was the important factor for bending strength. Conical pedicle screw could produce higher bone holding power and bending strength simultaneously.
    The results of this dissertation could help surgeons in selecting suitable devices for their patients and assist design engineers in developing new orthopeadic implants.

    中文摘要……………………………………………………………I 英文摘要……………………………………………………………II 誌 謝………………………………………………………………III 目 錄………………………………………………………………IV 符號索引……………………………………………………………IX 圖表索引……………………………………………………………XII 第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………1 1.1 研究背景、動機與目的…………………………………………1 1.2 脛骨與脊椎之解剖學構造………………………………………6 1.2.1 脛骨之解剖學構造……………………………………………6 1.2.2 脊椎之解剖學構造……………………………………………7 1.3 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………11 1.3.1 脛骨螺絲之文獻回顧…………………………………………11 1.3.2 椎弓足骨螺絲之文獻回顧……………………………………13 1.4 本文架構…………………………………………………………17 第二章 脛骨螺絲之骨咬合強度分析………………………………19 2.1 生物力學實驗……………………………………………………19 2.1.1 人造假骨之簡介………………………………………………19 2.1.2 材料實驗測試機………………………………………………20 2.1.3 骨咬合強度測試………………………………………………20 2.1.4 骨咬合強度之理論計算………………………………………21 2.1.5 結果……………………………………………………………22 2.2 有限元素模擬……………………………………………………27 2.2.1 有限元素法……………………………………………………27 2.2.2 脛骨螺絲幾何輸入檔之建立…………………………………29 2.2.3 骨咬合強度模型………………………………………………30 2.2.4 收斂性分析、可應用性分析與相關性分析…………………31 2.2.5 結果……………………………………………………………32 2.3 田口參數化分析…………………………………………………41 2.3.1 田口品質工程法………………………………………………41 2.3.2 骨咬合強度之參數化分析……………………………………44 2.3.3 結果……………………………………………………………45 2.4 討論………………………………………………………………52 第三章 脛骨螺絲之彎曲強度分析…………………………………55 3.1 生物力學實驗……………………………………………………55 3.1.1 高分子聚乙烯之簡介…………………………………………55 3.1.2 降伏強度測試…………………………………………………55 3.1.3 疲勞強度測試…………………………………………………56 3.1.4 彎曲強度之理論計算…………………………………………57 3.1.5 結果……………………………………………………………57 3.2 有限元素模擬……………………………………………………64 3.2.1 彎曲強度模型…………………………………………………64 3.2.2 收斂性分析與相關性分析……………………………………65 3.2.3 結果……………………………………………………………65 3.3 田口參數化分析…………………………………………………71 3.3.1 彎曲強度之參數化分析………………………………………71 3.3.2 結果……………………………………………………………71 3.4 鈦合金與不銹鋼骨螺絲之疲勞測試與有限元素模擬…………78 3.4.1 疲勞強度測試與有限元素模擬………………………………78 3.4.2 結果……………………………………………………………80 3.5 討論………………………………………………………………84 第四章 脛骨螺絲之設計最佳化……………………………………87 4.1 骨螺絲幾何限制條件……………………………………………87 4.2 脛骨螺絲之目標函數……………………………………………90 4.3 遺傳演算法………………………………………………………93 4.4 脛骨螺絲之最佳化結果…………………………………………97 4.5 討論………………………………………………………………100 第五章 椎弓足骨螺絲之骨咬合強度分析…………………………103 5.1 生物力學實驗……………………………………………………103 5.1.1 人造假骨之簡介………………………………………………103 5.1.2 拉出強度測試…………………………………………………104 5.1.3 扭轉強度測試…………………………………………………105 5.1.4 結果……………………………………………………………105 5.2 有限元素模擬……………………………………………………113 5.2.1 椎弓足骨螺絲幾何輸入檔之建立……………………………113 5.2.2 骨咬合強度模型………………………………………………113 5.2.3 收斂性分析與相關性分析……………………………………115 5.2.4 結果……………………………………………………………115 5.3 椎弓足骨螺絲之拉出強度參數化分析…………………………124 5.3.1 拉出強度測試…………………………………………………124 5.3.2 有限元素模擬…………………………………………………125 5.3.3 結果……………………………………………………………125 5.4 討論………………………………………………………………133 第六章 椎弓足骨螺絲之彎曲強度分析……………………………136 6.1 生物力學實驗……………………………………………………136 6.1.1 降伏強度測試…………………………………………………136 6.1.2 疲勞強度測試…………………………………………………137 6.1.3 結果……………………………………………………………137 6.2 有限元素模擬……………………………………………………146 6.2.1 彎曲強度模型…………………………………………………146 6.2.2 收斂性分析與相關性分析……………………………………146 6.2.3 結果……………………………………………………………147 6.3 討論………………………………………………………………155 第七章 結論與未來展望……………………………………………158 7.1 結論………………………………………………………………158 7.2 未來展望…………………………………………………………159 參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………161 附錄一 脛骨螺絲幾何輸入檔………………………………………170 附錄二 椎弓足骨螺絲幾何輸入檔…………………………………183 附錄三 股骨鎖定內釘治療之生物力學測試與有限元素模擬……190 作者簡介 ……………………………………………………………199

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