在市場經濟飛速發展的時代，創新已經為各個國家提升經濟發展的原動力， 而大學正是國家和社會知識、創新發源地，大學蘊藏豐富的研究資源與人才培養 寶地，如何將研發技術成果拓展至業界或是市場上，是各大學院校積極推廣的議 題，但為了因應環境快速變遷，大學必須累積更多創新能力，或是藉由創業來提 升大學永續經營的發展。然而，地理因素也時常為影響創新的重要因素，許多研 究解釋了大學與區域發展良好互動的關係，可以提升地區與國家的競爭力。

本研究將以美國大學做為研究對象，蒐集美國大學資料並整合多個不同資料 庫進行分析;其中包含美國大學技術經理人協會(AUTM)資料庫、美國區域資料 庫(U.S. Clusters Mapping)、美國專利商標局(USPTO)等，以結構方程之路徑分析 等量化研究模型，探討影響大學創業績效表現的各種影響因素。將考量不同層面 之分析，包括大學組織、技轉單位的投入，與研發資金投入等對大學在學術創新 和技術創新的影響，藉由不同創新形式的產出，是否在大學創業上也有不同的表 現;同時，也為了深入了解區域條件對大學在創新與創業上的關聯，將進一步分 析位在不同區域經濟發展條件下的大學，是否在特定因素的影響，可以反應在大 學創業績效上，以及有著不同的重要性。

經由量化分析得出，大學擁有較多資金、較大規模的技術移轉中心，以及投入較多的智慧財產法律費用，都是提升大學創新與研發能力的驅動因素，當大學具備較多的創新與研發能力，對於大學創業績效也有正向的影響。其中在區域發展程度較高的地區，應分配較多比例的政府研發經費在技術創新，同時需要籌組較大規模的技術移轉團隊和重視在智慧財產權法律的投入，才能增加大學創業績效;但在區域經濟發展較低的區域，政府資金的投入對於大學學術創新有正向顯著的影響，大學甚至有機會透過學術創新的管道，強化大學創業的表現。

With rapid economic development, innovation has been recognized as the driving force for economic growth in many countries. University is a place with rich knowledge, innovation, research resources, and talents. Showing how the university can improve the performance of academic entrepreneurship becomes a critical issue we cannot ignore. In addition, in this fast-changing environment, universities have to accumulate their innovative capabilities to cope with new challenges or promote entrepreneurship to enhance the university’s sustainable operation. However, many studies demonstrated that geographic location often plays an important role in innovation development. If the university builds a good relationship with regional connections, it could also boost the competitiveness of the region and improve the country's economy.

To explain university’s academic entrepreneurship performance, we collect data from different sources to observe academic entrepreneurship in the U.S. We collect university’s information from The Association of University Technology Managers(AUTM) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO), etc., to build up the dataset for analysis. Structural Equation Model(SEM) with path analysis is used to analyze the collected data, and to probe the correlation between different dimensions, e.g. university's organizational factors, technology transfer office, and funding resources. Would these factors impact the innovation types created by universities and reflect on university’s entrepreneurship? To identify the correlation between the university and geographic location, we collect regional data by integrating the indicators from the U.S. Clusters Mapping for further analysis.

The results show that a university with more fundings, a large-scale technology transfer office, and more legal expenses will pave a way for the university to have a greater II performance on innovation output and it also has a positive impact on the university’s academic entrepreneurship. When comparing the results for the universities in the different regions, we found several differences. For the universities with a relatively high economic condition, larger spending of government R&D funds should be allocated for technological innovation such as patent application, a large-scale technology transfer office and more expenses in legal fees are also key factors to increase the university’s entrepreneurial performance. For the universities in the region with a relatively low economic condition, the investment of government R&D funds has a significantly positive impact on academic innovation such as university publications and leads to a greater propensity for a spin off firms.

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