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研究生: 葉家瑋
Chia-Wei Yeah
論文名稱: 基於影像伺服控制之自主降落系統應用於空中移動式機器人
Visual Servo Control Based Autonomous Landing System for Aerial Mobile Robot
指導教授: 李敏凡
Min-Fan Lee
口試委員: 蔡明忠
Ming-Jong Tsai
金台齡
Tai-Lin Chin
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 自動化及控制研究所
Graduate Institute of Automation and Control
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 109
中文關鍵詞: 移動自主機器人多機器人協同操作自主降落目標追蹤空中影像導航模糊邏輯控制類神經網路。
外文關鍵詞: Aerial mobile robot, multiple robot corporate operation, Autonomous landing, target tracking, aerial vision navigation, fuzzy logic control, artificial neural network.
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近年來空中自主移動式機器人迅速的被開發與應用。尤其在於環境檢測、救災以及海上救援等等。然而,移動自主機器人在高海拔高度時只能執行環境檢測,在低海拔高度時無法獲得全局資訊。
此論文題出兩架不同海拔高度的空中自主移動式機器人協同操作的概念。高海拔高度的機器人提供影像全局定位。低海拔高度的機器人根據全局定位的資訊飛至降落點上方,並自主降落於降落點中。自主降落系統根據模糊邏輯控制與類神經模糊網路來改善其控制效能。所有的資訊發送至地面工作站並發送控制訊號給予機器人,以來達成無線控制的效果。
實驗數據分析分成三部分:低空移動機器人的自主降落系統、高空移動機器人的影像全局定位系統、雙機協同操作。自主降落系統其在室內環境降落誤差為6.53公分,鎖定比率為82.88%。在戶外環境實驗其降落誤差為65.33公分,鎖定比率為54.08%。影像全局定位系統在室內環境成功率為42.8%,在戶外環境僅有3.39%。實驗結果證明此概念可實現自主降落系統可實踐於室內與室外環境,但協同操作僅能實現於室內之,效能還需再改進。


In recent years, the aerial mobile robots have rapid development and application. Especially in environment detection, relief disaster and sea rescue etc. However, the aerial mobile robot can only execute the environment detection in high altitude, in the low altitude cannot obtain global information.
This thesis proposed cooperate operation concept between two of different altitude aerial mobile robots. The high altitude robot provides visual global navigation. The low altitude robots according to global navigation information fly and land on helipad autonomously. The autonomous landing control is based on fuzzy logic control and neural network to improve control performance. The ground control station obtains all of the information and send control commend which can achieve efficacy of wireless control.
The experiment analysis is based on three parts which are vision global navigation system of high altitude robot, autonomous landing system of low altitude robot and two aerial robots cooperate operation. The autonomous landing error of low altitude robot is 6.53 cm; the locking rate in indoor environment is 82.88%. The landing error in outdoor environment is 65.33 cm and the locking rate is 54.08%. The visual global navigation system of high altitude robot success rate is 42.8% in indoor environment, in outdoor environment only have 3.39%. The experiments proved that approach can achieve real time autonomous landing system for indoor and outdoor environment. However, the cooperation operation performance only achieve in indoor environment, performance need improved.

ABSTRACT IV 中文摘要 V 致謝 VI Table of Contents VII List of Figures X List of Tables XIV Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background and Motivation 1 1.2 Literature Review 2 1.3 Purpose 3 1.4 Contribution 4 1.5 Organization 5 Chapter 2 Analysis 6 2.1 System Overview 6 2.2 Dynamic Model 8 2.2.1 Dynamic module of “X-type” quad-copter 8 2.2.2 PID Controller 11 2.3 Intelligent control 13 2.3.1 Fuzzy Logic Control 13 2.3.2 Artificial Neural Network 13 2.3.3 Genetic Algorithm 13 2.3.4 Summary 14 Chapter 3 Method Overview 15 3.1 System Overview 15 3.2 Control strategy 17 3.3 High Altitude Vision Navigation System 18 3.3.1 Vision Perception 18 3.3.2 Aerial Mobile Robot Motion Control 22 3.4 Low Altitude Autonomous Landing System 23 3.4.1 Target Tracking System 23 3.4.2 Coordinate Transformation 29 3.4.3 Autonomous Landing System 29 3.4.4 Fuzzy Logic Controller 30 3.4.5 Artificial Neural Network 43 Chapter 4 Result 49 4.1 Experimental Setup 49 4.1.1 Onboard Camera of High Altitude Aerial Mobile Robot 49 4.1.2 Onboard Camera of low altitude aerial mobile robot 51 4.2 Experiment Scenario 51 4.3 Experiment on Low Altitude Autonomous Landing System 52 4.3.1 Control Strategy Simulation 53 4.3.2 Actual Hovering Test 56 4.3.3 Target Tracking System 59 4.3.4 Different Locking Altitude 62 4.3.5 Different ANN Gain Test 65 4.3.6 Moving Target Test 66 4.3.7 Autonomous Landing in Indoor Environment 69 4.3.8 Wind testing of autonomous landing system 72 4.4 Experiment on High Altitude Vision Navigation System 74 4.4.1 Actual Hovering Test 74 4.4.2 Global Vision Navigation 77 4.4.3 Aerial visual navigation 78 4.5 Experiment on complete system 79 4.5.1 Indoor environment test 79 4.5.2 Outdoor environment testing 83 Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Work 87 5.1 Discussion and Conclusion 87 5.2 Future Work 90 Reference 91 Biography 95

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