本實驗分為兩個部份，第一部分以無乳化劑乳化聚合法合成出粒徑約為2.3μm之聚苯乙烯微米粒子(Polystyrene microparticles，PSMPs) ，接著以化學共沉澱法製備出平均粒徑約為12nm之四氧化三鐵奈米粒子(Fe3O4 nanoparticles，FeNPs)。以高介電性質之PSMPs作為基材，透過靜電吸附力將固定濃度的FeNPs包覆於PSMPs表面，形成PSMPs@FeNPs，以包覆之次數將其命名為PF3、PF6、PF9、PF12。使用熱重量分析儀(TGA)做定量分析，PF12中FeNPs的含量最高可達8.3wt%。接著以Turkevich method合成出平均粒徑約為14nm之金奈米粒子(Au nanoparticles，AuNPs) ，再利用具有硫醇官能基結構之交聯劑，將不同濃度的AuNPs包覆於PF9表面，形成PSMPs@FeNPs@AuNPs，以包覆之濃度不同將其命名為PF9A1、PF9A2、PF9A3。最後將PF9A2複合材料粒子以APTES改質後，加入EDC/NHS作為基材與捕獲抗體(Capture antibody)的連接，此反應能使抗體上任一位置的一級胺(Primary amine)形成穩定的醯胺鍵結(Amide bond)，使抗體能與抗原反應，續與帶有螢光標籤的二抗反應後，以雷射共軛焦顯微鏡觀察確認反應之成功性。
第二部分探討施加不同頻率的交流電場，對於FeNPs與AuNPs在複合材料粒子系統中所占比例改變，使其成串時的交流特徵頻率有所變化。再以Clausius−Mossotti理論公式之實部值(Real part，ε')與虛部值(Imaginary part，ε'')進行有效介電常數(Permittivity)的計算與預測，進而探討其複合材料粒子系統的電流變性質(Electroheological)，並以光學顯微鏡(Optical microscopy，OM)觀察複合材料粒子系統受電場響應所表現之穿透率，呈現出不同的顯示效果。藉由施加不同頻率的交流電場，測量各別複合材料粒子極化成串之穿透率分布，根據不同的響應頻率所對應的穿透率差異，來達到抗原、細菌偵測的目的。複合材料粒子表面抓取抗原、細菌後，其最大穿透度所對應的響應頻率分別為350 kHz、550kHz，與未添加抗原及細菌時的響應頻率100kHz有所差異，而細菌偵測靈敏度達 2×〖10〗^3 cfu/ml。

My thesis consists of three parts, including the synthesis of substrate, measurement of transmittance and observation of antigenic detection. First, using emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization to prepare 2.3μm polystyrene microspheres (PSMPs) as a substrate. Sequentially, iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs) which mean diameter was about 12nm prepared by co-precipitation method, then immobilized FeNPs on the substrate surface to synthesize PSMPs@FeNPs core/shell composited particles fully by the electrostatic adsorption. Samples were named as PF3, PF6, PF9 and PF12, respectively as the concentration of FeNPs increased multiply. With reaching the maximum, 8.3wt%, of the FeNPs content of PF12. And then synthesize Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) with mean diameter about 14nm by Turkevich method. Using thiol functional group as cross-linking agent, connecting different concentration of AuNPs on the PF9 surface to synthesize PSMPs@FeNPs@AuNPs fully. With the increasing concentration of AuNPs, samples were named as PF9A1, PF9A2, and PF9A3, respectively.
Second, the composited particles were prepared by PSMPs@FeNPs@AuNPs, so the contents of FeNPs had significant effects on its electrorheological properties. The stringing of the particles was caused by AC frequency. Then, predicting the effective permittivities of these composites from the real (ε') and imaginary parts (ε'') that were based on the Clausius−Mossotti formalism to discuss eletrorheological properties. Furthermore, encapsulated aqueous dispersion of PSMPs@FeNPs@AuNPs microparticles were put into display device, optical microscopy, observing the various electroresponsive behaviors.
Third, we discuss the Biological applications of composited particles. We use APTES to modified composited particles. Sequentially, using EDC/NHS to combine Antibody and PF9A2 particle. Then, using antigen and bacterium to react with particle surface, respectively. What’s more, secondary antibody with fluorescent label were applied to confirm whether antigen was immobilized on the surface or not. Finally, applying different frequencies of AC electric field to measure the transmittance of each was formed into stringing pattern after electric polarization. It depended on the response frequency corresponding to the transmission to achieve the purpose of bacterial detection. The composited particles captured bacterium or not, will change the maximum transmittance.

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