現今可攜式電子產品，如手機或筆記型電腦的數量增長迅速，這種發展下導致對電池的龐大需求。二次電池經常使用在這些設備上，因為在這些產品的生命週期中具有成本效益。對於二次電池而言，鋰離子(Li-ion)電池是最普遍使用於可攜式電子產品中的電池類型，其優點具有高能量(體積)密度、無記憶效應和高開路電壓等。鋰離子電池要求的監控系統，是能夠測量鋰離子電池的參數(電壓、電流和溫度)，以避免電池損壞或缺陷。除此之外，必須能夠估測剩餘在電池中的容量，以提供使用者有效分配電力使用及充電時間。因此，電池的充電狀態(State of Charge, SOC)的資訊非常重要。然而，估測電池的SOC並不是一件容易的事，因為SOC取決於許多因素，如溫度、電池容量和電池內阻。
本論文的主要目的在於有效且精確的估測鋰離子電池充電狀態，並且提出鋰離子電池的電池監測系統(Battery Monitoring System)。電池監測系統包含以下功能：電池參數的精準測量(包含充電/放電電流，電池電壓和電池溫度)和SOC的資訊，並且提供電池過電壓、電池過充/放電和電池過溫保護。本篇論文中電池監測系統與外部主機溝通採用UART/USB通訊協定，在中央控制器方面採用STMicroelectronics公司所推出之STM32系列微控制器。為了提供電池參數即時顯示和數據記錄，本文使用Borland C++ Builder開發了一套人機介面，以便使用者查看即時資訊。本文將對所提出之電池管理系統硬體與軟體設計進行詳細說明，並由實驗結果驗證電池管理系統之正確性。

Nowadays, the number of portable consumer electronics such as mobile phones and laptop computers has grown rapidly. These developments have resulted in massive demand for batteries. Secondary batteries are often used in these devices because they are cost-effective over the lifetime of the product. For secondary batteries, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the most popular type of battery for portable electronics, due to their high energy-to-weight (volume) ratios, no memory effect and high open circuit voltage. Li-ion battery requires monitoring system that is capable of measuring the parameters (voltage, current and temperature) of individual cell in order to prevent damage and identify defective cell. In addition, knowing the amount of energy left in a battery compared with the energy it had when it was full gives the user an indication of how much longer a battery will continue to perform before it needs recharging; therefore, the battery state of charge (SOC) information is essential. However, measuring the battery SOC is not an easy task because the SOC depends on many factors such as temperature, battery capacitance and battery internal resistance.
The main objective of this thesis is to estimate the state of charge of the Li-ion battery accurately and effectively. In this thesis, a battery monitoring system for Li-ion cells is proposed. The presented BMS provides the following features: accurate measurement of battery parameters including charging/discharging current, cell voltages and cell temperatures and information of SOC. It also provides battery over voltage, battery overcharge/over discharge and battery over temperature protection. The presented BMS can communicate with an external host using UART/USB communication protocols. In this thesis, the central controller utilized is STM32 microcontroller from STMicroelectronics Corp. In order to provide the real-time display and data logging of the battery parameters, a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) is also developed using Borland C++ Builder. Detailed description of the hardware and software of the proposed BMS will be provided, and experimental results will also be provided to verify the correctness of the proposed BMS.

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