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研究生： 林士傑
Shi-Jay Lin
論文名稱： 新型胸腰椎前方骨板固定器之有限元素分析
Finite Element Analysis for Newly Anterior Thoracolumbar Plate Fixator
指導教授： 趙振綱
Ching-kong Chao
口試委員: 徐錫靖
Hsi-ching Hsu
徐慶琪
Ching-Chi Hsu
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工程學院 - 機械工程系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2008
畢業學年度： 96
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 100
中文關鍵詞： 有限元素分析 、胸腰椎前方骨板固定器 、拉出強度分析 、彎曲強度分析 、椎骨螺絲夾角
外文關鍵詞： Finite element analysis, Anterior thoracolumbar instrumentation, Pullout analysis, Bending analysis, Bone screws angle
相關次數： 點閱：206  下載：12 
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    • 脊椎內固定器(spinal instrumentation)已廣泛地使用在治療人體之脊椎外傷、病變與退化。從臨床觀察中發現，板狀固定器發生失效(failure)模式為板型固定器與螺絲介面容易發生應力集中的現象，導致板狀固定器及螺釘容易斷裂或鬆脫(loosening)，因此如何提升板型固定器與椎骨的結合強度，便成為脊椎內固定設計之重要課題。本研究的目的即評估骨板角度變化對此新設計之胸腰椎前方骨板固定器的影響。

    使用COSMOSWorks有限元素分析軟體建立拉出強度與彎曲強度的三維有限元素模型，探討七種骨板角度(0˚、5˚、10˚、15˚、20˚、25˚與30˚)以及市售常用的骨板角度22˚，進行討論及分析。在拉出強度有限元素分析中，在新型胸腰椎前方骨板固定器角度增加時，其拉出強度會明顯的增加，針對一般的椎骨螺絲與無螺紋情況的椎骨螺絲進行拉出強度的分析及討論，結果以接觸條件設定為結合的無螺牙情況椎骨螺絲之拉出強度較高，但兩種椎骨螺絲在其拉出強度與角度的趨勢幾乎是完全相同。在彎曲強度有限元素分析中，新型胸腰椎前方骨板固定器之螺絲孔與螺絲的von Mises應力值會隨著不同骨板角度而變化，隨著骨板角度增加新型胸腰椎前方骨板固定器的最大von Mises應力值會減少，因此，較大的骨板角度可以提供較低的von Mises應力值以及降低應力過度集中的現象。

    我們結論是增加骨板角度會提高脊椎前方骨板固定器拉出強度與彎曲強度，本論文之研究結果將提供給工程師與外科醫師有用的相關資訊。

    Spinal instrumentation has been widely used to treat the spinal trauma, disease and degradation. In clinical observation, the spinal fixator failed in the interface between the plate and screws because of the stress concentration. Therefore, designing the spinal implants with a sufficient strength was an important issue.The purpose of this study was to compare the different angle effect to the plate fixator.

    Three-dimensional finite element models for pullout and bending strength were developed by using COSMOSWorks. Seven types of the plate angle (0˚, 5˚, 10˚, 15˚, 20˚, 25˚ and 30˚) and one commercial type with a plate angle of 22˚ were discussed and analyzed. In the pullout analysis, increasing the plate angle could increase the pullout strength of new anterior thoracolumbar plate. Two kinds of bone screws were analyzed and discussed including the traditional bone screws and the unthreaded bone screws. The pullout strength of the traditional bone screws was greater than that of the unthreaded bone screws. Nevertheless, the tendency of these two kinds of screws was almost the same. In the bending analysis, the von Mises stress of the screw holes and the screws were changed by different plate angles. Increasing the plate angle would decrease the maximal von Mises stress of the implants. Therefore, the larger plate angle could provide the smaller von Mises stress and reduce the stress concentration.

    We concluded that increasing the plate angle would increase the pullout strength and bending strength of anterior thoracolumbar plate fixator. The results of this research may provide the useful information to engineers and surgeons.

    中文摘要........................................................................................ I 英文摘要........................................................................................ II 誌 謝.............................................................................................. III 目 錄.............................................................................................. IV 符號索引........................................................................................ VII 圖表索引........................................................................................ IX 第一章 緒論................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景、動機與目的.......................................................... 1 1.2 脊椎解剖學構造簡介.............................................................. 2 1.3 文獻回顧.................................................................................. 9 1.4 本文架構.................................................................................. 12 第二章 研究方法............................................................................ 13 2.1 有限元素法簡介....................................................................... 13 2.2 拉出強度的有限元素模型之建立........................................... 15 2.2.1 椎骨螺絲模型之建立............................................................ 15 2.2.2 新型脊椎前方骨板固定器角度改變模型之建立................ 15 2.2.3 人造假骨模型之建立............................................................ 16 2.2.4 整體模型之建立.................................................................... 16 2.3 彎曲強度的有限元素模型之建立............................................ 24 2.3.1 椎骨螺絲模型之建立............................................................. 24 2.3.2 新型脊椎前方骨板固定器角度改變模型之建立................. 24 2.3.3 綜合型模型(synthetic model)之建立................................... 25 2.3.4 整體模型之建立..................................................................... 26 2.4 有限元素分析............................................................................ 35 2.4.1 元素選擇與分割.................................................................... 35 2.4.2 材料性質的給定.................................................................... 36 2.4.3 接觸問題................................................................................ 37 2.4.3.1 接觸面設定......................................................................... 38 2.4.4 邊界條件(boundary condition)............................................ 39 2.5 破壞理論................................................................................... 43 2.6 理論計算................................................................................... 43 2.6.1 拉出強度理論計算................................................................ 43 2.6.2 彎曲強度理論計算................................................................ 44 第三章 結果..................................................................................... 49 3.1 拉出強度有限元素分析結果................................................... 49 3.1.1 收歛性分析............................................................................ 49 3.1.2 脊椎前方骨板固定器改變角度拉出強度分析結果............ 50 3.2 彎曲強度有限元素分析結果................................................... 59 3.2.1收歛性分析............................................................................. 59 3.2.2 脊椎前方骨板固定器改變角度彎曲強度分析結果............ 59 3.3 理論值計算結果....................................................................... 81 3.3.1 拉出強度理論值計算結果.................................................... 81 3.3.2 彎曲強度理論值計算結果.................................................... 81 第四章 討論..................................................................................... 83 4.1 骨板角度改變之拉出強度分析探討....................................... 83 4.2 骨板角度改變之拉出強度分析探討析................................... 86 第五章 結論與未來展望................................................................. 92 5.1 結論............................................................................................ 92 5.2 未來展望.................................................................................... 93 參考文獻........................................................................................... 94 作者簡介........................................................................................... 100

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