簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 李瑀軒
Yu-Hsuan Li
論文名稱： 在管柱中以活性碳吸附與脫附異丙醇水溶液行為之研究
Adsorption and Desorption Study of Isopropyl Alcohol Aqueous Solution with Activated Carbon in the Fixed-bed Column
指導教授： 曾堯宣
Yao-Hsuan Tseng
顧 洋
Young Ku
口試委員: 蔣本基
Pen-Chi Chiang
曾迪華
Dyi-Hwa Tseng
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工程學院 - 化學工程系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年： 2018
畢業學年度： 106
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 127
中文關鍵詞： 活性碳 、異丙醇 、蒸氣再生廢活性碳 、活性碳管柱吸附 、脫附
外文關鍵詞： activated carbon, isopropyl alcohol, steam regeneration, fixed-bed column adsorption, desorption
相關次數： 點閱：232  下載：7 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • 隨著科技的發展，光電科技產業竄升為台灣之重點科技之一。然而，在科技快速發展的同時，也伴隨著環境污染，其中最受影響的污染為水資源的消耗。在廢水處理技術中，對含有低濃度之有機物或毒性物質，多透過活性碳吸附作用去除，使水資源得以回到原製程使用。然而，若活性碳達到吸附飽和則失去原本的吸附能力，無法在去除水中污染物。因此開發廢活性碳再生技術，延長活性碳的使用壽命，減少活性碳吸附程序的操作成本，不僅能降低產業營運成本提高收益，亦能減少環境破壞，達成循環經濟之目標。
    本研究中，以異丙醇作為活性碳吸附與脫附的污染物。在管柱吸附異丙醇水溶液研究前，進行批次吸附研究以確定活性碳吸附異丙醇之機制。由研究結果顯示，異丙醇與活性碳表面為氫鍵作用力之吸附。另外，本研究中亦透過吸附動力模式證實活性碳吸附異丙醇為物理吸附及雙步驟質傳控制。在管柱吸附異丙醇水溶液研究結果顯示，最佳操作參數為異丙醇水溶液初始濃度為1,000 mg/L且體積流率為126.6 mL/min，此條件之下活性碳有相對高的吸附量(30.56 mg/g)，亦以此操作參數作為後續蒸氣再生活性碳研究之初始吸附條件。在蒸氣再生活性碳研究中，以蒸汽溫度為140℃且蒸汽流量為3.5 kg/hr之參數操作五次吸脫附迴圈後，再生效率為77.37%。

    Activated carbon has been widely used in the wastewater treatment due to its high porosity and unique surface functionality. Obviously, adsorption of activated carbon is the most important role of wastewater treatment in the optoelectronic industry. As the adsorption process proceeds, the activated carbon becomes saturated with the adsorbate which makes it unacceptable for further utilization and so it has to be replaced by fresh activated carbon or disposed of by incineration or land filling. The regeneration of activated carbon offers clear advantages such as a lower consumption of activated carbon and the possibility of recovering adsorbed products of potential economic value.
    Before the experiment of adsorption of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) aqueous solution in the fixed-bed column, the mechanism of adsorption was determined by conducting the batch adsorption experiment. The interaction of IPA and the surface of activated carbon were through hydrogen bonding and the whole adsorption can be divided into rapid and slow process in this study. In the fixed-bed column adsorption, the optimal operating parameter were that initial concentration with IPA 1,000 mg/L and 126.6 mL/min of volumetric flow rate, which were the operating parameters of steam regeneration of exhausted carbon. In regeneration experiment, there was the regeneration efficiency around 77.37 % after five cycles of adsorption/desorption in the steam temperature of 140 °C and the steam flow rate of 3.5 kg/hr.

    Abstract I 中文摘要 II Acknowledgement III Table of Content IV List of Figure VII List of Table X List of Symbols XII Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Objectives and Scope 3 Chapter 2 Literature Review 5 2.1 Characteristic of Wastewater in Semiconductor Industry 5 2.1.1 Characteristic of Isopropyl Alcohol 5 2.1.2 Treatment of Isopropyl Alcohol 7 2.2 Adsorption and Desorption of Activated Carbon 8 2.2.1 Characteristic of Activated Carbon 8 2.2.2 Mechanism of Adsorption and Desorption 11 2.2.3 Model Analysis of Adsorption and Desorption 15 2.2.4 Regeneration of Exhausted Activated Carbon 21 2.3 Influences on Activated Carbon Adsorption in Fixed-bed Column 24 2.3.1 Effect of Initial Solution pH 24 2.3.2 Effect of Initial Concentration 25 2.3.3 Effect of Solution Flow Rate 26 2.3.4 Effect of Activated Carbon Bed Height 27 2.4 Steam Regeneration of Exhausted Activated Carbon 29 2.4.1 Principle of Steam Regeneration of Activated Carbon 29 2.4.2 Effect of Steam Temperature 30 2.4.3 Effect of Steam Flow Rate 31 Chapter 3 Materials and Experiments 32 3.1 Chemicals 32 3.2 Experimental Instruments and Apparatus 33 3.2.1 Experimental Instruments 33 3.2.2 Experimental Apparatus 34 3.3 Experimental Procedures 37 3.3.1 Experimental Framework 37 3.3.2 Nomenclature of Activated Carbon 39 3.3.3 Procedures of Adsorption and Desorption 40 3.3.4 Analytic Methods 42 Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 50 4.1 Characteristic Properties of Activated Carbon 50 4.2 Adsorption of IPA on the Activated Carbon in the Batch System 60 4.2.1 Effect of Initial Solution pH 60 4.2.2 Effect of Initial Concentration 63 4.2.3 Effect of Stirring Speed 65 4.2.4 Kinetic and Equilibrium Study of IPA Adsorption 67 4.3 Adsorption of IPA on the Activated Carbon in the Fixed-bed Column 74 4.3.1 Effect of Initial Concentration 74 4.3.2 Effect of Volumetric Flow Rate 77 4.3.3 Model Analysis of Dynamic Adsorption 80 4.4 Steam Regeneration of Exhausted Activated Carbon 89 4.4.1 Effect of Steam Temperature 89 4.4.2 Effect of Steam Flow Rate 91 4.4.3 Effect of Regeneration Cycle 93 Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendation 98 5.1 Conclusions 98 5.2 Recommendations 101 Reference 102

    Ahmad, A. A. and Hameed, B. H., “Fixed-bed Adsorption of Reactive Azo dye Onto Granular Activated Carbon Prepared from Waste,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 175, pp. 298-303 (2010).
    Ahn, C. K., and Park, D., and Woo, S. H., and Park, J. M., “Removal of Cationic Heavy Metal from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon Impregnated with Anionic Surfactants,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 164, pp. 1130-1136 (2009).
    Aksu, Z. and Gönen, F., “Biosorption of Phenol by Immobilized Activated Sludge in a Continuous Packed Bed: Prediction of Breakthrough Curves,” Process Biochem., Vol. 39, pp. 599-613 (2004).
    Al-Degs, Y. S., El-Barghouthi, M. I.; El-Sheikh, A. H. and Walker, G. M., “Effect of Solution pH, Ionic Strength, and Temperature on Adsorption Behavior of Reactive Dyes on Activated Carbon,” Dyes Pigm., Vol. 77, pp. 16-23 (2008).
    Bandosz, T. J., “Activated Carbon Surfaces in Environmental Remediation,” London: Elsevier (2006).
    Bandosz, T. J., “Surface Chemistry of Activated Carbon,” New Jersey: Wiley (2009).
    Baral, S. S., Das, N., Ramulu, T. S., Sahoo, S. K., Das, S. N. and Chaudhury, G. R., “Removal of Cr(VI) by Thermally Activated Weed Salvinia Cucullata in a Fixed-bed Column,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 161 pp. 1427-1435 (2009).
    Basmadjian, D., Ha, K. D. and Pan, C. Y. “Nonisothermal Desorption by Gas Purge of Single Solutes in Fixed-Bed Adsorbers. I. Equilibrium Theory,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., Vol. 14, pp. 328-340 (1975).
    Bohart, G. and Adams, E., “Some Aspects of the Behavior of Charcoal with Respect to Chlorine,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 42, pp. 523-544 (1920).
    Cao, J., Wu, Y., Jin, Y., Yilihan, P. and Yang, S., “Dynamic Adsorption of Anionic Dyes by Apricot Shell Activated Carbon,” Desalin. Water Treat., Vol. 53, pp. 2990-2998 (2015).
    Chen, S., Yue, Q., Gao, B., Li, Q., Xu, X. and Fu, K., “Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solution by Modified Corn Stalk: A Fixed-bed Column Study,” Bioresour. Technol., Vol. 113, pp. 114-120 (2012).
    Chiron, N., Guiler, R., and Deydier, E., “Adsorption of Cu (II) and Pb (II) onto a Grafted Silica: Isotherms and Kinetic Models,” Water Res., Vol. 37, pp. 3079-2086 (2003).
    Daifullah, A. A. M., Girgis, B. S. and Gad, H. M. H., “A Study of the Factors Affecting the Removal of Humic Acid by Activated Carbon Prepared from Biomass Material,” Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, Vol. 235, pp. 1-10 (2004).
    Darweesh, T. M. and Ahmed, M. J., “Adsorption of Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin from Aqueous Solution onto Granular Activated Carbon in Fixed Bed Column,” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., Vol. 138, pp. 139-145 (2017).
    Fang, Q., Chen, B., Lin, Y., and Guan, Y. “Aromatic and Hydrophobic Surfaces of Wood-derived Biochar Enhance Perchlorate Adsorption via Hydrogen Bonding to Oxygen-containing Organic Groups,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 48, pp. 279-88 (2014).
    Freundlich, H. M. F., “Über Die Adsorption in Losungen,” Z. Phys. Chem., Vol. 57,pp. 385-470 (1906).
    Germerdonk, R. and Wang, A., “Pollutant Adsorption during Activated Carbon and Steam Regeneration in Technical Columns (Experiments, Modeling). Part 2: Influence of Process Parameters during Steam Regeneration of Activated Carbon Beds on Pollutant Exit Concentration,” Chem. Eng. Process., Vol. 32, pp. 369-377 (1993).
    Ghorai, S. and Pant, K. K., “Equilibrium, Kinetics and Breakthrough Studies for Adsorption of Fluoride on Activated Alumina,” Sep. Purif. Technol., Vol. 42, pp. 265-271 (2005).
    Girish, C. and Murty, V. R., “Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Solution using Lantana Camara, Forest Waste: Packed Bed Studies and Prediction of Breakthrough Curves,” Environ. Process., Vol. 2, pp. 773-796 (2015).
    Gu, J. H. and Bart J., “Heat and Mass Transfer in Steam Desorption of an Activated Carbon Adsorber,” Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., Vol. 32, pp. 296-304 (2005).
    Gupta, N., Kushwaha, A. K. and Chattopadhyaya, M. C., “Adsorption Studies of Cationic Dyes onto Ashoka (Saraca asoca) Leaf Powder,” J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., Vol. 43, pp. 604-613 (2012)
    Gupta, S. and Babu, B. V., “Modeling, Simulation, and Experimental Validation for Continuous Cr(VI) Removal from Aqueous Solutions using Sawdust as an Adsorbent,” Bioresour. Technol., Vol. 100, pp. 5633-5640 (2009).
    Hameed, B. H., Mahmoud, D. K. and Ahmad, A. L., “Equilibrium Modeling and Kinetic Studies on the Adsorption of Basic Dye by a Low-cost Adsorbent: Coconut (Cocos Nucifera) Bunch Waste,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 158, pp.67-72 (2008).
    Han, R. P., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Wang, Y. F., Xie, F. L., Cheng, J. M. and Tang, M.S., “Adsorption of Methylene Blue by Phoenix Tree Leaf Powder in a Fixed-bed Column: Experiments and Prediction of Breakthrough Curves,” Desalination Vol. 245, pp. 284-297 (2009).
    Han, R., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Wang, Y., Xie, F., Cheng, J. and Tang, M., “Adsorption of Methylene Blue by Phoenix Tree Leaf Powder in a Fixed-bed Column: Experiments and Prediction of Breakthrough Curves,” Desalination, Vol. 245, pp. pp. 284-297 (2009).
    Han, Y., Quan, X., Ruan, X., and Zhang, W., “Integrated Electrochemically Enhanced Adsorption with Electrochemical Regeneration of Acid Orange 7 Using Activated Carbon Fibers,” Sep. Purif. Technol., Vol. 59, pp. 43-49 (2008).
    Hasan, S. H., Ranjan, D. and Talat. M., “Agro-industrial Waste‘Wheat Bran’ for the Biosorptive Remediation of Selenium through Continuous Up-flow Fixed-bed Column,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 181, pp. 1134-1142 (2010).
    Ho, Y. S., “Review of Second-order Models for Adsorption Systems,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 136, pp. 681-689 (2006)
    Hsu, Y. L., Wu, H. Z., Ye, M. H., Chen, J. P., Huang, H. L., and Lin, P. H., “An Industrial-scale Biodegradation System for Volatile Organics Contaminated Wastewater from Semiconductor Manufacturing Process,” J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., Vol. 40, pp. 70-76 (2009).
    Huang, C. C. and Fair, J. R., “Parametric Analysis of Thermal Swing Cycles for Multicomponent Adsorption,” AIChE J., Vol. 35, pp. 1667-1677 (1989).
    Jerold, M. Joseph, D, Patra, N. and Sivasubramanian, V., “Fixed-bed Column Studies for the Removal of Hazardous Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Solution using Novel Nano Zerovalent Iron Algal Biocomposite,” Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng., 1, 8 (2016).
    Juntgen, H., “New Application for Carbonaceous Adsorbents,” Carbon, Vol 15, pp. 273-283 (1973).
    Kumar, A. and Jena, H. M., “Removal of Methylene Blue and Phenol onto Prepared Activated Carbon from Fox Nutshell by Chemical Activation in Batch and Fixed-bed Column,” J. Clean. Prod., Vol. 137, pp. 1246-1259 (2016).
    Kumar, P. A. and Chakraborty, S., “Fixed-bed Column Study for Hexavalent Chromium Removal and Recovery by Short-chain Polyaniline Synthesized on Jute Fiber,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 162, pp. 1086-1098 (2009).
    Lagergren, S., “About the Theory of So-called Adsorption of Soluble Substances,” K. Sven. Vetenskapsakad. Handl., Vol. 24, pp. 1-39 (1898).
    Langmuir, I., “The Constitution and Fundamental Properties of Solids and Liquids,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 38, pp. 2221-2295 (1916).
    Liao, H. R., “Adsorption and Desorption Study of Isopropyl Alcohol on Activated Carbon in Aqueous Solution,” Master's Thesis, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan Taipei (2017).
    Liao, P., Zhan, Z., Dai, J., Wu, X., Zhang, W., Wang, K. and Yuan, S., “Adsorption of Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol in Aqueous Solutions by Bamboo Charcoal: A Batch and Fixed-bed Column Study,” Chem. Eng. J., Vol. 228, pp. 496-505, (2013).
    Lladó, J., Lao-Luque, C., Ruiz, B., Fuente, E., Solé-Sardans, M. and Dorado, A. D., “Role of Activated Carbon Properties in Atrazine and Paracetamol Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics,” Process Saf. Environ. Prot., Vol. 95, pp. 51-59 (2015).
    Lodeiro, P., Herrero, R. and Vicente, M. E., “The Use of Protonated Sargassum Muticum as Biosorbent for Cadmium Removal in a Fixed-bed Column,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 137, pp. 244-253 (2006).
    Lopez-Ramon, M. V., Stoeckli, F., Moreno-Castilla, C., and Carrasco-Marin, F., “On the Characterization of Acidic and Basic Surface Sites on Carbons by Various Techniques,” Carbon, Vol. 37, pp. 1215-1221 (1999).
    Malkoc, E., Nuhoglu, Y. and Dundar, M., “Adsorption of Chromium(VI) on Pomace-An Olive Oil Industry Waste: Batch and Column Studies, J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 138, pp. 142-151 (2006).
    Masomi, M., Ghoreyshi, A. A., Najafpour, G. D. and Mohamed, A. R. B., “Dynamic Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds on Activated Carbon Produced from Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge: Experimental Study and Modeling by Artificial Neural Network (ANN),” Desalin. Water Treat., Vol. 55, pp. 1-14 (2014).
    Mohammed, N., Grishkewich, N., Waeijen, H. A., Berry, R. M. and Tam, K. C., “Continuous Flow Adsorption of Methylene Blue by Cellulose Nanocrystal-alginate Hydrogel Beads in Fixed Bed Columns,” Carbohydr. Polym., Vol. 136, pp. 1194-1202 (2016).
    Narbaitz, R. M. and Cen, J., “Alternative Methods for Determining the Percentage Regeneration of Activated Carbon,” Wat. Res., Vol. 31, pp. 2532-2542 (1997).
    Nazari, G., Abolghasemi, H., Esmaieli, M. and Sadeghi Pouya, E., “Aqueous Phase Adsorption of Cephalexin by Walnut Shell-based Activated Carbon: A Fixed-bed Column Study,” Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 375, pp. 144-153 (2016).
    Prahas, D., Liu, J. C., Ismadji, S. and Wang, M. J., “Adsorption of Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide on Activated Carbon,” J. Environ. Eng., Vol. 138, pp. 232-238 (2012).
    Ramalingam, S. G., Pré, P., Giraudet, S., Le Coq, L., Le Cloirec, P., Baudouin, O. and Déchelotte, S., “Recovery Comparisons-Hot Nitrogen Vs Steam Regeneration of Toxic Dichloromethane from Activated Carbon Beds in Oil Sands Process,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 205-206, pp. 222-228 (2012).
    Reeve, W., Erikson, C. M., and Aluotto, P. F., “A New Method for the Determination of the Relative Acidities of Alcohols in Alcoholic Solutions: the Nucleophilicities and Competitive Reactivities of Alkoxides and Phenoxides,” Can. J. Chem., Vol.57, pp. 2747 (1979).
    Reynel-Avila, H. E., Mendoza-Castillo, D. I., Bonilla-Petriciolet, A. and Silvestre-Albero, J., “Assessment of Naproxen Adsorption on Bone Char in Aqueous Solutions using Batch and Fixed-bed Processes,” J. Mol. Liq., Vol. 209, pp. 187-195 (2015).
    Roy, A., Chakraborty, S., Prasad Kundu, S., Adhikari, B. and Majumder, S. B., “Adsorption of Anionic-Azo Dye from Aqueous Solution by Lignocellulose-Biomass Jute Fiber: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics Study,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 51, pp. 12095-12106 (2012).
    Roy, S., Das, P., Sengupta, S. and Manna, S., “Calcium Impregnated Activated Charcoal: Optimization and Efficiency for the Treatment of Fluoride Containing Solution in Batch and Fixed Bed Reactor,” Process Saf. Environ. Prot., Vol. 109, pp. 18-29 (2017).
    Salvador, F., Martin-Sanchez, N., Sanchez-Hernandez, R., Sanchez-Montero, M. J., and Izquierdo, C., “Regeneration of Carbonaceous Adsorbents. Part II: Chemical, Microbiological and Vacuum Regeneration,” Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., Vol. 202, pp. 277-296 (2015b).
    Salvador, F., Martin-Sanchez, N., Sanchez-Hernandez, R., Sanchez-Montero, M. J., and Izquierdo, C., “Regeneration of Carbonaceous Adsorbents. Part I: Thermal Regeneration,” Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., Vol. 202, pp. 259-276 (2015a).
    Scamehorn, J. F., “Removal of Vinyl Chloride from Gaseous Streams by Adsorption on Activated Carbon,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Process. Des. Dev., Vol. 18, pp. 210-217 (1979).
    Schork, J. M. and Fair, J. R., “Steaming of Activated Carbon Beds,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 27, pp. 1545-1547 (1988).
    Schweiger, T. A. J. and LeVan, M. D., “Steam Regeneration of Solvent Adsorbers,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 32, pp. 2418-2429 (1993).
    Shahbazi, A., Younesi, H. and Badiei, A., “Functionalized SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica by Melamine-based Dendrimer Amines for Adsorptive Characteristics of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) Heavy Metal Ions in Batch and Fixed Bed Column,” Chem. Eng. J., Vol. 168, pp. 505-518 (2011).
    Shendkar, C. D., Torane, R. C., Mundhe, K. S., Bhave, A. A. and Deshpande, N. R., “Characterization of Activated Carbon prepared from Achyranthes Aspera Linn. by X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF),” J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour., Vol. 2, pp. 295-297 (2012).
    Smith, J. M., “Chemical Engineering Kinetics, 2nd Ed,” New York: Donnelly and Sons Company (1981).
    Stahl, R., Henrich, E., Gehrmann H. J., Vodegel, S., and Koch, M., “Definition of a Standard Biomass,” Renewable fuels for advanced power trains (2004).
    Tamez Uddin, M., Rukanuzzaman, M., Maksudur Rahman Khan, M. and Akhtarul Islam, M., “Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heteropyllus) Leaf Powder: A Fixed-bed Column Study,” J. Environ. Manage., Vol. 90, pp. 3443-3450 (2009).
    Tan, I. A. W., Ahmad, A. L. and Hameed, B. H., “Adsorption Isotherms, Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Desorption Studies of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-based Activated Carbon,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 164, pp. 473-482 (2009).
    Tan, I. A. W., Ahmad, A. L. and Hameed, B. H., “Adsorption of Basic Dye using Activated Carbon Prepared from Oil Palm Shell: Batch and Fixed Bed Studies,” Desalin., Vol. 225 pp. 13-28 (2008).
    Thomas, H. C., “Heterogeneous Ion Exchange in a Flowing System,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 66, pp. 1664-1666 (1944).
    Valizadeh, S., Younesi, H. and Bahramifar, N., “Highly Mesoporous K2CO3 and KOH/activated Carbon for SDBS Removal from Water Samples: Batch and Fixed-bed Column Adsorption Process,” Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, Vol. 6, pp. 1-13, (2016).
    Vieira, A. P., Santana, S. A. A., Bezerra, C. W. B., Silva, H. A. S., Chaves, J. A. P., Melo, J. C. P., Filho, E. C. S. and Airoldi, C., “Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Textile Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions using Babassu Coconut Mesocarp,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 166, pp. 1272-1278 (2009).
    Vinodhini, V. and Das, N., “Packed Bed Column Studies on Cr (VI) Removal from Tannery Wastewater by Neem Sawdust,” Desalination, Vol. 264, pp. 9-14 (2010).
    Weber, W. J. and Morris, J. C., “Kinetics of Adsorption on Carbon from Solutions,” J. Sanit. Eng. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., Vol. 89, pp. 31-60 (1963).
    Yaghmaeian, K., Moussavi, G. and Alahabadi, A., “Removal of Amoxicillin from Contaminated Water using NH4Cl-activated Carbon: CONTINUOUS Flow Fixed-bed Adsorption and Catalytic Ozonation Regeneration,” Chem. Eng. J., Vol. 236, pp. 538-544 (2014).
    Yoon, Y. H. and Nelson, J. H., “Application of Gas Adsorption Kinetics: I. A Theoretical Model for Respirator Cartridge Service Life,” Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., Vol. 45, pp. 509-516 (1984).
    Yun, J. H., Choi, D. K. and Moon, H., “Benzene Adsorption and Hot Purge Regeneration in Activated Carbon Beds,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 55, pp. 5857-5872 (2000).
    Zhang, X., Gao, B., Creamer, A. E., Cao, C. and Li, Y., “Adsorption of VOCs onto Engineered Carbon Materials: A Review,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 338, pp. 102-123 (2017).
    Zuo, L., Ai, J., Fu, H., Chen, W., Zheng, S., Xu, Z. and Zhu, D., “Enhanced Removal of Sulfonamide Antibiotics by KOH-activated Anthracite Coal: Batch and Fixed-bed Studies,” Environ. Pollut., Vol. 211, pp. 425-434 (2016).

    QR CODE