近年來，隨著人類對傳染性疾病預防的日漸重視，檢驗試劑的需求也逐漸擴大。表面增強拉曼散射（SERS）為檢測低濃度的化學和生物分子提供了一種快速、靈敏且功能強大的分析技術。通常在銀或金奈米貴金屬不同排列下，對於拉曼增強具有很大的影響。其他具有功能性材料，例如:樹枝狀聚合物、蜂窩狀材料和多孔材料，都能縮小貴金屬奈米顆粒之間的間隙以得到最強之熱點效應(hot spots)及拉曼增強效應。本研究將銀奈米粒子（AgNPs）嵌入中孔二氧化矽（MPS）形成AgNPs @ MPS奈米球，用於SERS技術來檢測分子，例如:腺嘌呤、羅丹明6G、孔雀石綠和尿毒症毒素。經由TEM顯示MPS的平均尺寸和孔徑粒子分別為360 nm和2 nm。 AgNPs均勻分散在MPS上的粒徑（D，直徑：〜20 nm）和AgNP的顆粒之間隙（W）。結果表明SERS強度隨顆粒之間隙（或W/D比）的減少而增加。另外由於氧化石墨烯能提升拉曼增強效應，因此我們將銀奈米顆粒（AgNPs）固定在中孔二氧化矽（MPS）上功能化還原氧化石墨烯（mrGO）奈米片形成AgNPs @ mrGO SERS基板，用於生物檢測。通過MPS的高度多孔結構以rGO奈米片為基板的拉曼增強作用，經由TEM、 XRD和UV-Vis光譜顯示，孔洞通道（〜5 nm）的mrGO可以用作模板來操縱粒子之間隙和粒子大小使AgNPs獲得均勻的奈米顆粒陣列。而AgNPs @ mrGO和AgNPs @ rGO相比（不含MPS的rGO底物），通過添加mrGO的 SERS光譜信號背景值比（S/B ratio）為6.9，相較AgNPs @ rGO提高許多信號強度。AgNPs @ mrGO SERS底物可用於快速靈敏地檢測尿毒症毒素（肌酐酸、尿酸和尿素）和副甲狀腺激素（PTH）用於慢性腎臟疾病。快速無需標記即可實現尿毒症毒素（10 -6 M尿酸）和PTH（0.2 ng/mL）的可重複性和超靈敏檢測。

With the improving emphasis on the prevention of infectious diseases in recent years, the demand for testing reagents has gradually expanded. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has provided a rapid, sensitive and powerful analytical technique for detection of chemical and biological molecules at low concentrations. Typically, Raman enhancement in noble metal of silver (Ag) or gold (Au) nanoparticles with different arrangement and morphology have been a highly SERS-active substrates. Moreover, the noble metal nanoparticles with other functional materials (such as dendritic polymer, honeycomb-like materials, and porous materials) has narrowed the gaps between the noble metal nanoparticles for the strong “hot spots” and Raman enhancement. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been successfully embedded into mesoporous silica (MPS) particles to form AgNPs@MPS nanohybrid nanospheres, which can be exploited for sensitive detection of molecules (e.g. adenine, Rhodamine 6G, malachite green, and uremic toxins) via SERS. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the average size and pore diameter of the MPS particles are 360 nm and 2 nm respectively. The homogeneous dispersion of AgNPs on the MPS could enhance Raman signal by the well-controlled particle size (D, diameter: ~20 nm) and interparticle gap (W) of AgNPs. The results show that the significant SERS intensity increases with the interparticle gap (or W/D ratio) decreases. Moreover, graphene oxide can enhance the Raman enhancement effect, so silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been successfully immobilized on mesoporous silica (MPS). Functionalized reduced graphene oxide (mrGO) nanosheets form AgNP @ mrGO SERS-active substrate for biological detection. Highly porous structure through MPS Raman enhancement using rGO nanosheets as templates, AgNPs self-assembled on the floating 2D platform of mrGO nanosheets, passed the TEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Channel (~ 5 nm) mrGO can be used as a template to manipulate the gap and particle size between particles. AgNP is used to obtain a uniform array of nanoparticles. Compare with AgNP @ mrGO and AgNP @ rGO (RGO substrate without MPS), the signal-to-background ratio (S/B ratio) of the SERS spectrum is shown 6.9 folds increase by adding mrGO. This indicates that increasing SERS intensity and decreasing SERS intensity by using the mrGO template as the background. AgNPs @ mrGO can be used as SERS-active substrate, rapid and sensitive detection of uremic toxins (creatinine, uric acid and urea) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) for chronic kidney disease rapidly and reproducibly without labeling, and detect uremic toxin (10-6 M uric acid) and PTH (0.2 ng / mL) with ultra-high sensitivity.

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