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研究生: 涂名鈞
Ming - Chun Tu
論文名稱: 醇類水溶液溶解度暨表面張力研究
A study of the Solubility and Surface Tension of Aqueous Alcohol Solutions
指導教授: 林析右
Shi-Yow Lin
口試委員: 陳立仁
Li-Jen Chen
曹恒光
Heng-Kwong Tsao
王孟菊
Meng-Jiy WANG
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 化學工程系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 46
中文關鍵詞: 相律溶解度表面張力
外文關鍵詞: phase rule, solubility, surface tension
相關次數: 點閱:212下載:0
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根據相律F=C-P+2,在定溫定壓下的兩成份系統若存在兩相時,該系統的自由度應為零,亦即該系統物性在出現第二相(過飽和)後皆應相同。然而利用本實驗室懸垂液滴影像測量儀,測量苯甲醇、苯乙醇及正辛醇水溶液的平衡張力值,發現三系統的平衡張力值在系統出現第二相後,仍隨溶質濃度的增加而下降。為確認水溶液濃度的確有增加,使用紫外線/可見光分光光譜儀針對苯甲醇水溶液作定量分析。測量結果證實系統在出現第二相時,其水中的苯甲醇含量也隨苯甲醇增加而增加,且約在總濃度為4wt%後水中真實含量不再增加而呈現平緩趨勢,這與平衡張力的結果類似。
苯甲醇油滴可在3wt% TX-405 水溶液的表面快速移動,過程中在溶液表面出會有一層極細小且呈白色的膜,推測這層物質為苯甲醇油滴在TX-405水溶液中溶化過程的小油滴。


According to the phase rule ( F=C-P+2 ), the degree of freedom (F) is zero for a two-components (C) and two-phases (P) solution system at specific temperature and pressure. It means that every physical property of such solution system should be fixed. However, we measured the equilibrium surface tensions of benzyl alcohol、phenethylalcohol and 1-octanol aqueous solutions using a video-enhanced pendant drop/bubble tensiometry. The data show that surface tension decreased with increasing alcohol concentration; even there exist two separated phases inside solution system. We apply UV/Vis spectrum to measure the bulk concentration of benzyl alcohol and find that content of benzyl alcohol in aqueous bulk phase increases even when second phase appears.
A droplet of benzyl alcohol moved on the surface of 3wt% TX-405 aqueous spontaneously. A white film appears on the solution surface while the droplet is moving at the surface. We speculate that the white layer is a number of droplets of benzyl alcohol solubilizated in TX-405 aqueous solution.

目 錄 中文摘要.....................................................................................I 英文摘要.....................................................................................II 目錄目錄.....................................................................................III 表 目 錄.....................................................................................V 圖 目 錄.....................................................................................VI 第一章簡介..................................................................................1 1.1 相律與界面張力...............................................................1 1.2 研究動機..........................................................................3 第二章文獻回顧...........................................................................4 2.1 溶解度的測量...................................................................4 2.1.1 重量法........................................................................4 2.1.2 折射率法.....................................................................4 2.1.3 濁度法........................................................................5 2.1.4 光譜儀法.....................................................................6 2.2 液滴自發性移動...............................................................6 第三章實驗設備...........................................................................7 3.1 懸垂液滴影像數位化測量儀..............................................7 3.1.1 主要儀器設備..............................................................7 3.1.2 其它儀器....................................................................10 3.1.3 儀器校正....................................................................11 3.2 紫外線/可見光分光光譜儀................................................13 3.3 實驗藥品..........................................................................14 第四章研究方法...........................................................................15 4.1界面張力之量測................................................................15 4.1.1 古典Young-Laplace equation與理論曲線............................15 4.1.2 界面張力之計算...........................................................16 4.1.2.1 具有最大直徑(de)液滴之界面張力計算................17 III 4.1.2.2 無最大直徑(de)液滴之界面張力計算...................18 4.2 溶液配製............................................................................21 4.2.1 苯甲醇水溶液之配製....................................................21 4.2.2 苯甲醇水溶液定量分析用之配製..................................21 4.3 懸垂液滴影像數位化測量儀實驗流程...................................22 4.4 苯甲醇水溶液定量分析實驗流程.........................................23 4.4.1 檢量線........................................................................23 4.4.2 定量分析流程..............................................................23 4.5 苯甲醇油滴在3wt% TX-405水溶液移動觀察.......................24 第五章實驗結果...........................................................................25 5.1 溶解度實驗結果..................................................................25 5.2 表面張力實驗結果..............................................................28 5.3 苯甲醇水溶液定量分析結果................................................32 5.4 苯甲醇油滴自發性移動.......................................................34 5.5 結果討論............................................................................34 參考文獻.....................................................................................45 IV 表目錄 表5.1 醇類水溶液物性比較,T = 25 oC.......................................................31 表5.2a 0.3wt%苯甲醇水溶液定量分析..........................................................41 表5.2b 0.35wt%苯甲醇水溶液定量分析........................................................41 表5.2c 0.4wt%苯甲醇水溶液定量分析...........................................41 表5.2d 0.45wt%苯甲醇水溶液定量分析........................................................41 表5.2e 0.5wt%苯甲醇水溶液定量分析..........................................................42 表5.2f 0.55wt%苯甲醇水溶液定量分析........................................................42 表5.2g 0.6wt%苯甲醇水溶液定量分析..........................................................42 表5.2h 0.7wt%苯甲醇水溶液定量分析..........................................................42 表5.2i 1wt%苯甲醇水溶液定量分析..............................................................43 表5.2j 2wt%苯甲醇水溶液定量分析..............................................................43 表5.2k 3wt%苯甲醇水溶液定量分析.............................................................43 表5.2l 4wt%苯甲醇水溶液定量分析..............................................................43 表5.2m 5wt%苯甲醇水溶液定量分析............................................................44 表5.2n 7wt%苯甲醇水溶液定量分析.............................................................44 V 圖目錄 圖1.1單成份系統相圖.........................................................................................1 圖1.2界面活性劑的基本結構.........................................................2 圖1.3平衡表面張力與界劑濃度變化及界劑聚集行為......................2 圖1.4直鏈醇類的平衡表面張力圖..................................................3 圖2.1 Snell’s Law示意圖。n1、n2分別為介質1、2的折射率,θ1、 θ2分別為介質1、2的折射角...............................................5 圖2.2濁度法示意圖......................................................................5 圖3.1 懸掛氣泡影像數位化測量儀系統圖......................................7 圖3.1-2 密度儀,DMA58,有利有限公司........................................11 圖3.2-1、紫外線/可見光分光光譜儀,JASCO V-500...................................13 圖3.2-2、紫外線/可見光分光光譜儀內部........................................13 圖4.1、懸垂液滴的形狀.................................................................15 圖4.2、具有最大直徑de之懸垂滴圖形.............................................18 圖4.3、以懸垂液滴法結合影像處理技術應用於低界面張力之測量..19 圖4.4、針對不具有最大直徑de之懸垂滴界面張力計算圖形..............20 圖5.2A、苯甲醇水溶液各濃度底部照片。濃度由左至右濃度先上 後下分別為0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6 wt%,箭頭所指處為 油滴。......................................................................................................25 圖5.2B、苯甲醇水溶液各濃度G-L表面照片。濃度由左至右濃度先 上後下分別為0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6 wt%,箭頭所指處為 油滴。............................................................................26 圖5.4A 苯乙醇水溶液各濃度底部照片。濃度由左至右濃度先上後下分別為0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6 wt%。箭頭所指處為 油滴。............................................................................26 圖5.4B 苯乙醇水溶液各濃度G-L表面照片。濃度由左至右濃度先上後下分別為2、2.3、3、4 wt%。..................................27 圖5.5A 正辛醇水溶液各濃度G-L表面照片。濃度由左至右濃度先上後下分別為2.5、3、3.5、4、5、7、20 ×10-6mol/g。註:正辛 V I 醇的密度比水小,因此第二相不會在底部出現。.............27 圖5.2 25oC,苯甲醇水溶液的平衡張力,(○)表示單相 (△)表示兩相,濃度以wt%表示。.................................................28 圖5.3 25oC,1wt%苯甲醇水溶液動態張力圖。(a)一星期 (b)一個月........................................................................29 圖5.4 25oC,苯乙醇水溶液的平衡張力,(○)表示單相 (△)表示兩相。.................................................................30 圖5.5 25oC,正辛醇水溶液的平衡張力,(○)表示單相 (△)表示兩相。.................................................................31 圖5.1 25oC,(a,○)苯甲醇、(b,◇)苯乙醇及(c,□)正辛醇水溶液的平衡張力,(+)表示兩相,濃度以mol/g表示。....................32 圖5.7 苯甲醇水溶液在UV/Vis分光光譜儀所使用的檢量線。.......33 圖5.8 苯甲醇水溶液濃度對張力及苯甲醇含量作圖。..................33 圖5.9苯甲醇在3 wt% TX-405水溶液的G-L表面上移動情形,圈處為油滴所在位置。(a)t=0 中上處的殘影為滴管(b)t=1s (c)t=3s (d)t=5s(e)t=10s (f)t=20s。.............................................................................34 圖5.2C 苯甲醇水溶液各濃度動態張力(a)0.003 (b)0.01 (c)0.03 (d)0.1 (e)0.2 (f)0.45 (g)0.48 (h)0.5 wt%。.......................................................35 圖5.2C(續) 苯甲醇水溶液各濃度動態張力(i)0.6 (j)1 (k)1.3 (l)1.5 (m)2 (n)3 (o)3.5 (p)4 wt%。....................................................................36 圖5.2C(續) 苯甲醇水溶液各濃度動態張力(q)5 (r)6 (s)7 wt%。...........37 圖5.4C 苯乙醇水溶液各濃度動態張力(a)0.01 (b)0.05 (c)0.1 (d)0.3 wt%.....................................................................................................................................37 圖5.4C(續) 苯乙醇水溶液各濃度動態張力(e)0.4 (f)0.5 (g)0.7 (h)0.8 (i)1 (j)1.3 (k)2 (l)2.3 wt%。.....................................................................38 圖5.4C(續) 苯乙醇水溶液各濃度動態張力(m)3 (n)4 wt%。...............38 圖5.5B 正辛醇水溶液各濃度動態張力(a)0.1 (b)0.2 (c)0.2 (d)0.5 (e)0.7 (f)1 ×10-6 mol/g註:run 1(○); run 2(△); run 3(+)。..............................39 圖5.5B(續) 正辛醇水溶液各濃度動態張力 (g)2 (h)2.5 (i)3 (j)3.5 (k)4 (l)5 (m)7 (n)20 ×10-6 mol/g 註:run 1(○); run 2(△); run 3(+)。........40 V II

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