研究生: |
涂名鈞 Ming - Chun Tu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
醇類水溶液溶解度暨表面張力研究 A study of the Solubility and Surface Tension of Aqueous Alcohol Solutions |
指導教授: |
林析右
Shi-Yow Lin |
口試委員: |
陳立仁
Li-Jen Chen 曹恒光 Heng-Kwong Tsao 王孟菊 Meng-Jiy WANG |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
工程學院 - 化學工程系 Department of Chemical Engineering |
論文出版年: | 2007 |
畢業學年度: | 95 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 46 |
中文關鍵詞: | 相律 、溶解度 、表面張力 |
外文關鍵詞: | phase rule, solubility, surface tension |
相關次數: | 點閱:212 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
根據相律F=C-P+2,在定溫定壓下的兩成份系統若存在兩相時,該系統的自由度應為零,亦即該系統物性在出現第二相(過飽和)後皆應相同。然而利用本實驗室懸垂液滴影像測量儀,測量苯甲醇、苯乙醇及正辛醇水溶液的平衡張力值,發現三系統的平衡張力值在系統出現第二相後,仍隨溶質濃度的增加而下降。為確認水溶液濃度的確有增加,使用紫外線/可見光分光光譜儀針對苯甲醇水溶液作定量分析。測量結果證實系統在出現第二相時,其水中的苯甲醇含量也隨苯甲醇增加而增加,且約在總濃度為4wt%後水中真實含量不再增加而呈現平緩趨勢,這與平衡張力的結果類似。
苯甲醇油滴可在3wt% TX-405 水溶液的表面快速移動,過程中在溶液表面出會有一層極細小且呈白色的膜,推測這層物質為苯甲醇油滴在TX-405水溶液中溶化過程的小油滴。
According to the phase rule ( F=C-P+2 ), the degree of freedom (F) is zero for a two-components (C) and two-phases (P) solution system at specific temperature and pressure. It means that every physical property of such solution system should be fixed. However, we measured the equilibrium surface tensions of benzyl alcohol、phenethylalcohol and 1-octanol aqueous solutions using a video-enhanced pendant drop/bubble tensiometry. The data show that surface tension decreased with increasing alcohol concentration; even there exist two separated phases inside solution system. We apply UV/Vis spectrum to measure the bulk concentration of benzyl alcohol and find that content of benzyl alcohol in aqueous bulk phase increases even when second phase appears.
A droplet of benzyl alcohol moved on the surface of 3wt% TX-405 aqueous spontaneously. A white film appears on the solution surface while the droplet is moving at the surface. We speculate that the white layer is a number of droplets of benzyl alcohol solubilizated in TX-405 aqueous solution.
4 5
參考文獻
1. Atkins, P.W.〝Physical Chemistry〞5th ed. 1992,Oxford University Press
2. 刈米孝夫原著,王鳳英編譯,〝界面活性劑的原理與應用〞,高立圖書有限公司(1996)。
3. 李雅琪,〝聚氧乙烯系非離子型界劑之吸附暨聚集行為研究〞,國立臺灣大學化學工程學博士論文(2002)。
4. 吳翠芬,〝正十二碳醇之相變化暨吸附動力學行為研究〞,國立臺灣科技大學化學工程系碩士學位論文(2003)。
5. 邱明崑,〝苯甲醇可溶化現象之探討〞,國立臺灣科技大學化學工程系碩士學位論文(2006)。
6. Manifar, T.; Rohani, S〝Measurement and Development of Solubility Corrections for Tritolyamine in Twelve Organic Solvents〞Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2005,44, 970
7. Helt, J. E.; Larson, M. A.〝Effect of Temperature on the Crystallization of Potassium Nitrate by Direct Measurement of Supersaturation.〞AIChE J. 1977, 23, 822-830.
8. Sikdar, S. K.; Randolph, A. D.〝Secondary Nucleation of two Fast Growth System in a Mixed Suspension Crystallizer: Magnesium Sulfate and Citric Acid Water System.〞AIChE J. 1976,22,110-117.
9. Eric,W. Weisstein http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/SnellsLaw.html
10. Raphael, M.; Rohani, S. On-Line〝Estimation of Solids Concentrations and Mean Particle Size Using a Turbidimetry Method.〞Powder Technol. 1996,89,157-163.
11. Thatipamala, R.; Rohani, S.; Hill, G. A.〝Spectrophotometric Method For High Biomass Concentration Measurements.〞Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1991,38,1007-1011.
12. Thatipamala, R.; Rohani, S.; Hill, G.〝Online Monitoring of a Wide Range of Biomass Concentrations Based on a New Equation Using a Spectrophotometers Process-Control Applications〞J. Biotechnol. 1994,38,33-42.
13. Zhang, J; Han, Y〝Shape-Gradient Composition Surface〞Langmuir 2007,23, 6136-6141
14. Greenspan, H. P. J. Fluid Mech. 1978, 84, 125.
15. Chaudhury, M. K.; Whiteside, G. M. Science 1992, 256,1539.
16. Lee, W.; Laibinis, P .E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122,5395..
17. Sumino, Y.; Kitahata, H.; Yashikawa, K.; Nagayama, M.; Nomura, ;S. M. Magome, N.; Mori, Y. Phys. Rev. E 2005,72,041603
18. Lin, S. Y., Hwang H.F.〝Measurement of Low Interfacial Tension by Pendant Drop Digitization〞Langmuir 1994,10,4703
19. Weast, R. C.〝Handbook of Chemistry and Physics〞,student edition,1st.;1987;p F-14
4 6
20. Lee, Y. C.; Liou, Y. B.; Miller, R.; Liu, H. S.; Lin, S. Y. Langmuir 2002,18,2686.
21. Rotenberg, Y.; Boruvka, L.; Neumann, A. W. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1983, 93, 169.
22. de Laplace, P. S. Mechanique Celeste, Supplement to Book 10, 1806.
23. 黃海峰,〝低界面張力之新量測技術〞,國立臺灣工業技術學院化學工程學系碩士論文(1994)。
24. Girault, H. H., D. J. Schiffrin, and B. D. V. Smith〝Drop Image Processing for Surface and Interfacial Tension Measurement〞J. Electroanal Chem.1982, 137, 207.
25. Andreas, J. M., E. A. Hauserand, and W. B. Tucker〝Boundary Tension by pendant Drops〞J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 1987, 119, 55.
26. Fordham, S.〝The Calculation of Surface Tension from Measurement of Pendant Drops〞Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. 1948, A194, 1.
27. Mills, O. S., Brit. J. Appl.phys.1953, 4, 247.
28. Stauffer, C. E. 〝The Measurement of Surface Tension by the Pendant Drop Techniqe〞J. Phys. Chem. 1965, 69, 1933.
29. MisaK, M. D.〝Equations for Determining 1/H versus in Computer Calculation of Interfacial Tension by the Pendant Drop Method〞J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 1968, 27, 141.
30. Hansen, F. K. and G. Rodsrud〝Surface Tension by Pendant Drop:I. A Fast Standard Instrument Using Computer Image Analysis〞J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 1991,141,1.
31. Girault, H. H., D. J. Schiffrin, and B. D. V. Smith〝The Measurement of Interfacial Tension of Pendent Drops Using a Video Image Profile Digizer〞J. Electroanal Chem.1984,101,257.
32. Riddick, J. A.; Buger W. B.〝Organic Solvent〞Third Edition, 1970.
33. 〝Solubility Data Series〞, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry,Vol 15,Pergamon Press,Oxford,1982
34. Perry, R. H.; Green D. W.〝PERRY’S CHEMICAL ENGINEERS’ HANDBOOK〞 7th ed.1997,McGraw-Hill
35. Weast, R. C.〝Handbook of Chemistry and Physics〞,2002,83rd ed.,CRC press