本論文探討一個三層式架構閉鎖式產品再製供應鏈的管理模式，此供應鏈的管道成員包含製造商、零售商、第三方及政府，其中，製造商負責製造與再製服務、零售商負責銷售、第三方負責回收而政府扮演一個無獲利的社會計劃者。供應鏈包含四種模式：集中式管理、製造商回收管理、零售商回收管理、第三方回收管理。目的在探討不同的模式選擇將如何影響供應鏈成員的決策、產品的回收率及動機。透過利潤分析，來建置數學模式並求取最大化，最後針對後續的觀察來瞭解政府的政策對供應鏈的影響與決策規劃。

In this paper, we consider a three-echelon closed-loop supply chain with product remanufacturing that includes a manufacturer, a retailer, a third-party and the government to inquire how reverse channel choice affects forward channel decisions, used-product return rates and incentive decisions. Reverse channels include the following types of models: centrally coordinated, collection conducted by the manufacturer, collection conducted by the retailer, and collection conducted by the third-party. We mathematically construct our models as profit maximization problems that are solved by providing closed form solutions. Finally, we present some observations with regard to the performance of closed-loop supply chain structures with and without government incentives.

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