本文旨在設計高性能-成本比例，即高本益比之轉矩與轉速計。文中以材料力學原理設計感測軸之尺寸，並安裝二組角位置感測器於轉軸兩端，實現非接觸式之轉矩量測。角位置回授裝置採用線性霍爾效應元件，將角位置信號透過校正及放大電路，經類比-數位轉換器進行量化，有效提高回授信號解析度，且藉由感測軸兩端回授之相對角度差計算轉矩感測值，再利用角度差對應時間變化估算轉速。最後，以類比信號的型式呈現實測結果，俾利驗證量測之準確性。
本文利用有限元素之軟體JMAG的三維模擬，分析角位置回授裝置的磁路，並藉線性霍爾效應元件的回授信號，完成轉矩感測器的結構設計。系統以數位信號處理器TMS320F28069為運算核心，並以軟體完成轉矩及轉速計算，提高可靠度及精確度。實測結果與KYOWA公司之轉矩計相較顯示，在0 ~10 N-m轉矩測試，轉矩與扭轉角度具有線性關係，轉矩計之最大量測誤差率為7.78%，轉速計之最大量測誤差率為0.62%。實驗結果驗證了本文的方法具可行性，且具有高性能-成本比，亦即，高本益比之優點。

This thesis aims to design torque and speed meters with high performance-cost ratio. Based on the mechanics of materials, the dimension of rotating shafts is designed. The contact-less torque measurement of rotating shafts is conducted by separately installing a rotor position sensors on each end of rotating shaft. The calibration and amplification circuits, as well as analog-to-digital converter are introduced to quantify the feedback signals of rotor position so that the resolution of feedback signals can be enhanced. Besides, the relative angle difference between both ends of the rotating shaft is used to evaluate the torque as well as the rotor speed. The experimental results are presented in analog form to facilitate the calculation of accuracy for the data measured.
The three-dimensional simulation of finite element software, JMAG, is used to analyze the magnetic circuit of rotor position sensors in order to determine the structure of torque meter with the feedback signals of linear Hall-effect sensors. The 32-bits digital signal processor, TMS320F28069, is adopted as the system core. The calculations of torque and rotor speed are implemented by software, thereby enhancing the reliability as well as accuracy. For the torque evaluation from 0 to 10N-m, the experimental results show that torque is linear with the twist angle. The measured maximum torque error is 7.78% as compared to the result obtained from KYOWA torque meter. Whereas, the maximum speed error is 0.62%. The feasibility of the proposed system is verified by the experimental results. Meanwhile, the proposed system shows the merits of high performance-cost ratio.

[1]　W. J. Fleming, "Automotive torque measurement: A summary of seven different methods," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 117-124, 1982.
[2]　B. Maundy and S. J. G. Gift, "Strain Gauge Amplifier Circuits," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 693-700, 2013.
[3]　D. W. Cripe "Magnetoelastic torque sensor." U.S. Patent No. 6, 698, 299. 2, 2004.
[4]　K. Miyashita, T. Takahashi, S. Kawamata, S. Morinaga and Y. Hoshi, "Noncontact magnetic torque sensor," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1560-1562, 1990.
[5]　D. W. Auckland, S. Sundrama, R. Shuttleworth and D. I. Posner, "The measurement of shaft torque using an optical encoder." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 17. 12, 1984.
[6]　J. M. Hammond and R. M. Lec, "A non-contact piezoelectric torque sensor," Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, Pasadena, CA, pp. 715-723, 1998,.
[7]　Y. H. Lee, Y. D. Shin, K. H. Lee, M. Y. Kim and J. R. Rhee, "A multipurpose magnetometer for measuring basic magnetic characteristics with a newly designed capacitive torque sensor," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 3397-3399, 1995.
[8]　J. D. Turner, "Development of a rotating-shaft torque sensor for automotive applications," IEEE Proceedings D- Control Theory and Applications, vol. 135, no. 5, pp. 334-338, 1988.
[9]　L. B. Brahim, M. Benammar and M. A. Alhamadi, "A Resolver Angle Estimator Based on Its Excitation Signal," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 574-580, 2009.
[10]　S. H. Hwang, J. H. Lee, J. M. Kim and C. Choi, "Compensation of analog rotor position errors due to nonideal sinusoidal encoder output signals," 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, Atlanta, GA, pp. 4469-4473, 2010.

[11]　J. Hu, J. Zou, F. Xu, Y. Li and Y. Fu, "An Improved PMSM Rotor Position Sensor Based on Linear Hall Sensors," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 3591-3594, 2012.
[12]　Y. Y. Lee, R. H. Wu and S. T. Xu, "Applications of linear Hall-effect sensors on angular measurement," IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA), Denver, CO, pp. 479-482, 2011.
[13]　S. M. Yang and Y. C. Chang, "Axial and Radial Position Sensing for a Magnetically Levitated Rotor Using Hall Sensors," IECON 2007 - 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Taipei, pp. 2225-2229, 2007.
[14]　朱紹鎔，材料力學，臺灣東華，民國七十九年.
[15]　R. Whitlow. Materials and Structures. Longman Scientific& Technical, English, 1989.
[16]　K. Hoffmann, An introduction to measurements using strain gages. Darmstadt: Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik, 1989.
[17]　陳彥任，五相永磁式同步電動機控制系統研製，國立台灣科技大學電機研究所碩士論文，民國一百零五年。
[18]　王登泉、楊明、葉林、李凌，非接觸式旋轉軸扭矩量測現狀， 電子量測技術6：8-12，2010。
[19]　喻洪麟、何安國、龍振宇、王世隆、何小柏，一種新的扭矩測量原理，光子學報，26.9：832- 835、832- 835，1997。
[20]　林筱渝，電動手工具的轉矩感測器及驅動器研製，國立台灣科技大學電機研究所碩士論文，民國一百零三年。.
[21]　I. J. Garshelis and C. A. Jones, "Miniaturized magnetoelastic torque transducers," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 3649-3651, 1999.
[22]　I. J. Garshelis "Method for producing a circularly magnetized non-contact torque sensor." U.S. Patent No. 5,706,572. 13 1998.
[23]　三聯科技股份有限公司，應變規原理探討，取自：http://www.sanlien.com/web/homepage.nsf/foundationview/E46673D58B70D5944825714D003886B6，2006。