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研究生： 陳彥儒
Yan-Ru Chen
論文名稱： 具無線傳輸功能之新型電子式比流器設計
A Novel Electronic Current Transformer Design with a Wireless Transmission
指導教授： 陳南鳴
Nanming Chen
口試委員: 陳朝順
none
黃世杰
Shyh-Jier Huang
楊金石
none
彭盛裕
Sheng-Yu Peng
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電資學院 - 電機工程系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年： 2013
畢業學年度： 101
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 57
中文關鍵詞： 傳統比流器 、無鐵芯霍爾比流器 、新型電子式比流器 、ZigBee
外文關鍵詞： traditional current transformer, coreless Hall effect current transformer, novel electronic current transformer, ZigBee
相關次數： 點閱：226  下載：5 
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    • 當電力系統發生故障時，將產生大量瞬時非線性故障大電流，並引起突波，影響系統安全，而傳統比流器(Current Transformer, CT)在偵測瞬時大故障電流時，往往因非線性激磁電流引起鐵芯內磁通量的飽和，產生失真的電流波形，而導致電流量測誤差及保護系統的不良動作。此外對與某些特殊環境，如架空線、地下電纜或遠距離環境，其實體線路連接困難及資料擷取不易，導致提高施工難度及成本。基於此問題，本研究以無鐵芯式霍爾比流器為基礎，設計一新型電子式比流器，其電路分成感測信號電路、類比/數位轉換電路及ZigBee傳輸電路，可取代傳統比流器與改善環境限制上的使用。本文根據IEC Standard 60044-8電子式比流器規範，進行電流準確度等級試驗，其計測用電流誤差準確等級可達Class 0.5，保護用準確等級可達5P14。
    新型電子式比流器，因考慮成本問題，採用效能較低之微控制器，使用內建之類比/數位轉換器，其解析度較低，故量測範圍小，但本文設計一切換電流之方法，能提升量測範圍，亦提出一延遲取樣方法，以解決ZigBee無法傳送電流波形之缺點。
    在實驗量測過程中，進行了電路測試、負載電流測試及大/故障電流之警告機制測試，量測之電流範圍設定為額定有效值電流600A及故障電流8.4 kA。

    When a fault occurs in a power system, it will produce a huge nonlinear fault current, cause a surge, and damage the system security. When detected by traditional current transformers, this fault current, which has an exponential component, will cause iron core saturation and distortion in waveform detection. This condition will cause inaccurate measurements and protection. Furthermore, in some special environment such as long-range overhead lines, under-ground cables and remote environment, it will be difficult to use cables to transmit data. The cost of the installation will be very high.

    Because of those problems, a novel electronic current transformer (ECT) is proposed in this study, which is based on coreless Hall current transformers. The main circuits of ECT include a signal sensing circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit and a ZigBee transmission circuit to replace traditional current transformer, and save space. According to IEC standard 60044-8 about electronic current transformer specifications, the accuracy level of measurement must satisfy Class 0.5, and the protection error can satisfy 5P14. Considering the cost, this novel ECT uses a simple microcontroller and a built-in analog-to-digital converter to achieve required resolution. This design proposes a switching method to improve measurement range, and a delay sampling method to solve the problem that the ZigBee cannot transmit the current waveform in time.
    In the experiment, this study has completed some tests, such as signal sensing process circuit test, load current accuracy test, and fault and large current warning mechanism test. Ranges of current measurements and rated at 600A for normal load current and the fault current can reach 8.4 kA.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 IV 目錄 V 圖索引 VII 表索引 IX 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 章節概述 2 第二章 電子式比流器介紹 4 2.1 前言 4 2.2 電子式比流器之使用現況 4 2.3 電子式比流器的特點 5 2.4 電子式比流器分類及原理 6 2.4.1 Faraday原理的電子式比流器 6 2.4.2 Rogowski線圈的電子式比流器 8 2.4.3 低功率比流器 9 2.4.4 傳統式霍爾比流器 10 2.5 無鐵芯式霍爾比流器 12 2.6 電子式比流器種類分析 13 第三章 ZigBee通訊與軟體環境開發介紹 15 3.1 前言 15 3.2 ZigBee 介紹 16 3.2.1 ZigBee 結構 17 3.3 軟體開發環境介紹 19 3.3.1 ZigBee連線環境設置 19 3.3.2 Mbed 開發環境設定 23 3.3.3 LabVIEW監視軟體 24 第四章 新型電子式比流器設計 27 4.1 前言 27 4.2 系統架構 27 4.3 霍爾感測器 28 4.4 微控制器介紹 29 4.4.1 NXP LPC 1768 微控制器介紹 29 4.4.2 類比數位轉換考量因素 30 4.5 感測信號處理電路設計 33 4.6 類比/數位轉換方法 36 4.7 無線通訊模組 38 4.8 延遲取樣法 39 4.9 傳送架構 40 第五章 量測結果與討論 42 5.1 前言 42 5.2 信號處理電路量測 42 5.2.1 小信號電壓放大量測 43 5.2.2 中信號電壓放大量測 43 5.2.3 大信號電壓縮小量測 44 5.3 新型電子式比流器量測 45 5.3.1 小、中電流測試 46 5.3.2 模擬大電流/故障測試 49 第六章 結論與未來展望 52 6.1 結論 52 6.2 未來研究方向 52 參考文獻 54

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