微電網是由分散式電源、儲能設備、電力轉換器、交/直流負載、監控設備及保護裝置所組成的小型電力系統。微電網內建置之分散式電源使得電力潮流與故障電流不為固定方向，因此傳統輻射式電力系統的過電流保護方式已經無法滿足微電網之保護要求。
本論文整合智慧型電子裝置(IED)、IEC 61850通訊標準及SCADA監控平台，建置一套微電網保護管理系統(PMS)。首先，利用IED將量測之電壓、電流及開關狀態等系統資訊，透過IEC 61850通訊協定，將資訊傳回SCADA。保護協調方面利用IED邏輯規劃並應用IEC 61850所定義之GOOSE機制，進行IED間傳遞跳脫及閉鎖訊號，協調各IED間之跳脫順序；保護管理系統經由拓樸結構分析及IED回傳之系統資訊計算IED方向性過電流保護設定值並經由類神經網路(Neural Network)進行分類辨識，選擇對應之保護群組(Setting Group)，使保護管理系統具備因應微電網架構或運轉狀態改變時自我調適之功能。
本論文應用ETAP電力系統分析軟體與Matlab/Simulink進行模擬分析，驗證保護管理系統在微電網不同運轉情境下，皆可判斷選擇IED對應之保護群組，達到微電網保護目的。

Microgrid may comprise by distributed generators, energy storage devices, power converter, versatile loads, supervisory equipment and protection equipment. The distributed generations installed in microgrid, which may diverse the path or direction of load current or fault current. Therefore, the overcurrent protection scheme for traditional radial type distribution system no longer be useful for microgrid.
A microgrid protection management system (PMS) which integrated Intelligent Electronic Device (IED), IEC 61850 communication protocol and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is proposed in this thesis. First of all, PMS utilizes IED to measure electrical information of microgrid such as voltage, current, and breaker status. Those system informations were sent back to PMS through IEC 61850. In order to coordinate the operating sequence of IED, tripping and blocked signals are transmitted among IED by logic programming and GOOSE message of IEC 61850. PMS calculates the pick-up setting of directional overcurrent element of IED through topology analysis and using Neural Network analysis to accommodate an appropriate setting group of IED. Therefore, the PMS has the self-adaptive capability to deal with the architecture and dynamic changes of microgrid.
This thesis uses ETAP PowerStation software and Matlab/Simulink to perform analysis work. The simulation results show that PMS can determine an appropriate pick-up setting and select the corresponding setting group of IED under various scenarios. As a result, PMS can achieve the goal of microgrid protection.

[1]陳貽評、彭兆國，「微電網概述」，電力人第十六期電力技術專欄，2014年11月
[2]P. Gupta, R. S. Bhatia, and D. K. Jain, “Adaptive Protection Schemes for the Microgrid in a Smart Grid Scenario: Technical Challenges,” in Proceeding of IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia, pp. 1-5, Bangalore, 10-13 November, 2013.
[3]Andrew Harrison Hubble, and Taha Selim Ustun, “Feasibility of microgrid optimization and grid extension for rural electrification,” in Proceeding of IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON), pp. 1266-1269, Singapore, 22-25 November, 2016.
[4]Matthew Backes, Ikponmwosa Idehen, Tim Yardley, and Prosper Panumpabi, “Off-grid microgrid development for the village of Katumbi in Tanzania,” in Proceeding of North American Power Symposium (NAPS), pp. 1-5, Denver, 18-20 September, 2016.
[5]Xiaolong Guo, Peng Wang, Wenping Qin, Peng Wang, Xiaoqing Han, and Ying Wang, “A Novel Line Overcurrent Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks with DGs,” in Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), pp. 1-5, Wollongong, 28 Sept.-1 October, 2016.
[6]A. K. Sahoo, “Protection of Microgrid through Coordinated Directional Over-current Relays,” in Proceeding of Global Humanitarian Technology Conference, pp. 129-134, Trivandrum, 26-27 September, 2014.
[7]F. Coffele, C. Booth, and A. Dyśko, “An Adaptive Overcurrent Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol 30, No. 2, pp. 561-568, April 2015.
[8]T. S. Ustun, C. Ozansoy, and A. Zayegh, “Differential Protection of
Microgrids with Central Protection Unit Support,” in Proceeding of
IEEE TENCON Spring Conference, pp. 15-19, Sydney, 17-19 April,
2013.
[9]Ali Hadi Abdulwahid, and Shaorong Wang, , “A new differential protection scheme for microgrid using Hilbert space based power setting and fuzzy decision processes,” in Proceeding of IEEE 11th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), pp. 6-11, Hefei, 5-7 June, 2016.
[10]J. Ma, W. Ma, X. Wang, and Z. P. Wang, “A New Adaptive Voltage Protection Scheme for Distribution Network With Distributed Generations,” in Proceeding of Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 142-151, March 2014.
[11]Anju Meghwani, Saikat Chakrabarti, and S. C. Srivastava, “A fast scheme for fault detection in DC microgrid based on voltage prediction,” in Proceeding of National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), pp. 1-6, Bhubaneswar, 19-21 December, 2016.
[12]Hengwei Lin, Chengxi Liu, Josep M. Guerrero, and Juan C. Vásquez, “Distance protection for microgrids in distribution system,” in Proceeding of 41th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 731-736, Yokohama, 9-12 November, 2015.
[13]Susmita Kar, Dejalin Jati, and S. R. Samantaray, “Overcurrent relay coordination for micro-grid with different operating conditions,” in Proceeding of IEEE 6th International Conference on Power Systems (ICPS), pp. 1-6, New Delhi, 4-6 March, 2016.
[14]Ehsan Dehghanpour, Hossein Karegar, Reza Kheirollahi, and Tohid Soleymani, “Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays in Microgrids by Using Cuckoo-Linear Optimization Algorithm and Fault Current Limiter,” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol., No. 99, p. 1, July 2016.
[15]Vasileios A. Papaspiliotopoulos, George N. Korres, and Nikos D. Hatziargyriou, “Protection coordination in modern distribution grids integrating optimization techniques with adaptive relay setting,” in Proceeding of IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech, pp. 1-6, Eindhoven, 29 June-2 July, 2015.
[16]Ankita Sharma, and B. K. Panigrahi, “Optimal relay coordination suitable for grid-connected and islanded operational modes of microgrid,” in Proceeding of Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON), pp.1-6, New Delhi, 17-20 December, 2015.
[17]Feng Zheng, Changhong Deng, Lei Chen, Shichun Li, Yang Liu, and Yuxiang Liao, “Transient Performance Improvement of Microgrid by a Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiter,” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 25, No. 3, January 2015.
[18]T. Y. Wong, C. Shum, W. H. Lau, S. H. Chung, K. F. Tsang, and C. F. Tse, “Modeling and co-simulation of IEC61850-based microgrid protection,” in Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm), pp. 582-587, Sydney, 6-9 November, 2016.
[19]F. Coffele, S. Blair, C. Booth, J. Kirkwood, and B. Fordyce, “Demonstration of Adaptive Overcurrent Protection using IEC 61850 Communications,” in Proceeding of International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED), pp. 1-4, Stockholm, 10-13 June, 2013.
[20]D. Ishchenko, A. Oudalov, and J. Stoupis, “Protection Coordination
in Active Distribution Grids with IEC 61850,” in Proceeding of IEEE
PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, pp.
1-6, Orlando, 7-10 May, 2012.
[21]黃仰賢，建置以IEC 61850 為基礎之微電網保護管理系統，碩士學位論文，台灣科技大學電機工程系，2014 年7 月。
[22]顏朝鋒，IED群組設定於微電網保護管理系統之應用，碩士學位論文，台灣科技大學電機工程系，2015 年6 月。
[23]經濟部能源局，智慧電網總體規劃方案，2012 年8 月。
[24]楊金石，台電智慧電網的推動與應用，台電綜合研究所，2011年。
[25]台灣電力公司，微電網試驗場之研製，2011年。
[26]左峻德、林法正，台灣智慧電網技術產業介紹，台灣智慧型電網產業協會，2014年4月。
[27]核能研究所，獨立型微電網計畫，2014年11月。
[28]張永瑞，「獨立型微電網系統技術發展與應用」，2015年台灣智慧電網技術研討會，2015年10月15日。
[29]左峻德、林法正，臺灣智慧電網技術產業介紹2016，臺灣智慧型電網產業協會，2016年9月。
[30]鍾炳利，「微電網逐漸普及 技術生根有希望」，台電月刊，第650期，2017年2月。
[31]鍾炳利，「第二顆太陽升起了!」，台電月刊，第650期，2017年2月。
[32]林法正，澎湖低碳島與智慧電網示範規劃，2012年。
[33]張建國、黃怡碩、陳翔雄，「澎湖智慧電網示範系統規劃與推動」，中華民國第三十六屆電力工程研討會，2015年12月12-13日。
[34]R. Lasseter, B. Schenkman, J. Stevens, H. Volkommer, D. Klapp, E. Linton, H. Hurtado, J. Roy, and N. Lewis, “CERTS Microgrid Laboratory Test Bed,” Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, February, 2009.
[35]R. Lasseter and J. H. Eto, “Value and Technology Assessment to Enhance the Business Case for the CERTS Microgrid,” University of Wisconsin-Madison, May 2010.
[36]J. Eto, “CERTS Microgrid Test Bed Phase III Activities - Role of Microgrids in Facilitating Integration of Distributed Renewable Electricity Sources,” Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, November 2010.
[37]R. H. Lasseter, “CERTS Microgrid,” in Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE), pp. 1-5, San Antonio, 16-18 April, 2007.
[38]N. Hatziargyriou, Pilot Sites: Success Stories and Learnt Lessons, Microgrids: Architectures and Control, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2014.
[39]Steve Bossart, Renewable and Distributed Systems Integration Demonstration Projects, EPRI Smart Grid Demonstration Advisory Meeting, Albuquerque, 12-14 October, 2009.
[40]N. Hatziargyriou, H. Asano, R. Iravani, and C. Marnay, “Microgrids: An Overview of Ongoing Research, Development, and Demonstration Projects,” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 78-94, July 2007.
[41]Nikos Hatziargyriou, “Microgrids: Architectures and Control First Edition,” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2014.
[42]European Commission, Advanced Architectures and Control Concepts for More Microgrids, More Microgrids Project Final Results, 2009.
[43]N. Hatziargyriou, The More Microgrids Project, Demonstrations of smart electricity distribution network solutions, Contractors meeting, Brussels, 25 Septmber, 2009.
[44]Jacob Østergaard and John Eli Nielsen, “The Bornholm Power System An Overview,” Centre for Electrical Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University of Denmark, 13th edition, May 2010.
[45]EcoGrid, EcoGrid EU: From Implementation to Demonstration: A large scale demonstration of a real-time market for demand side participation, 2015.
[46]GRID4U, GRID4EU Periodic Report for Year 4, March, 2016.
[47]B. A. Bremdal, EMPOWER: Local Electricity Retail Markets for Prosumer Smart Grid Power Services, NCE Smart and Narvik University College, April 2015.
[48]Patrick Van Hove, R&D Activities in EU and Microgrids, Aalborg 2015 Symposium on Microgrids, Aalborg, 27-28 August, 2015
[49]Kazuyuki Takada, Microgrid Research in Japan & New Mexico Project, Vancouver 2010 Symposium on Microgrids, Vancouver, 21-22 July, 2010.
[50]Satoshi Morozumi, Smart Community Demonstration in NEDO, The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), 26 May, 2012.
[51]C. S. Wang, X. S. Yang, Z. Wu, Y. B. Che, L. Guo, S. H. Zhang, and Y. X. Liu, “A Highly Integrated and Reconfigurable Microgrid Testbed with Hybrid Distributed Energy Sources,” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 451-459, January 2016.
[52]N. W. A. Lidula and A. D. Rajapakse, “Microgrids research: A review of experimental microgrids and test systems,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 186-202, January 2011.
[53]陳玉濤，「中新天津生態城微網技術研究」，碩士學位論文，天津大學電氣與自動化工程學院，2012年6月。
[54]于建成，中新天津生態城智能電網綜合示範工程案例，天津市電力公司，2016年。
[55]浙江東福山島微電網介紹，http://smartgrids.ofweek.com/2014-11/ART-290002-8300-28902688.html.
[56]楊歡、趙榮祥、辛煥海、汪震、甘德強，「海島電網發展現況與研究動態」，電工技術學報，第28卷，第11期，第95-104頁，2013年11月。
[57]Zhao Bo, Nanji Island Microgrid Demonstration, Tianjin 2014 Symposium on Microgrids, Tianjin, 13-14 November, 2014.
[58]H. Laaksonen, D. Ishchenko and A. Oudalov, “Adaptive Protection and Microgrid Control Design for Hailuoto Island,” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 1486-1493, May 2014.
[59]H. Laaksonen, Hailuoto PSCAD simulations, Smart Grid and Energy Markets, March 2012.
[60]A. Oudalov, New Technologies for Microgrid Protection, Santiago 2013 Symposium on Microgrids, Santiago, 9-10 September, 2013.
[61]Arcteq Relays, AQ-F215 Feeder Protection IED Instruction Manual, January 2014.
[62]黃彥霖，「應用以IEC 61850為基礎之IED於智慧型電網之保護」，碩士學位論文，台灣科技大學電機工程系，2011年6月。
[63]IEC 61850-5, Communication networks and system in substations Part 5: Communication requirements for functions and devices models, 2003.
[64]R. E. Mackiewicz, “Overview of IEC 61850 and Benefits,” in Proceeding of IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition, pp. 376-383, Dallas, 21-24 May, 2006.
[65]IEC 61850-7-2, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation Part 7-2: Basic information and communication structure - Abstract communication service interface (ACSI), 2010.
[66]David L. Mills, Computer Network Time Synchronization: The Network Time Protocol, Taylor & Francis, 2010.
[67]T. Gotoh, K. Imamura, and A. Kaneko, “Improvement of NTP time offset under the asymmetric network with double packets method,” in Proceeding of Conference Digest Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements, pp. 448-449, Ottawa,16-21 June, 2002.
[68]T. S. Ustun, “Design and Development of a Communication-Assisted Microgrid Protection System,” PhD Thesis, School of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, September 2013.
[69]D. Turcotte and F. Katiraei, “Fault Contribution of Grid-Connected Inverters,” in Proceeding of IEEE Electrical Power & Energy Conference, pp. 1-5, Montreal, 22-23 October, 2009.
[70]P. P. Barker, and R. W. De Mello, “Determining the Impact of Distributed Generation on Power Systems: Part 1 - Radial Distribution Systems,” in Proceeding of IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, pp. 1645-1656, Seattle, 16-20 July, 2000.
[71]鐘心勇，應用IED群組設定功能於微電網故障後重構之保護管理系統，碩士學位論文，台灣科技大學電機工程系，2016 年6 月。
[72]張斐章、張麗秋，類神經網路導論，滄海圖書資訊股份有限公司，2002年3月。
[73]羅華強，類神經網路－MATLAB的應用，清蔚科技股份有限公司，2001年9月。
[74]類神經網路概述及實例bidm.stat.fju.edu.tw/school/DOWNLOAD/neural.doc, 2016.
[75]葉怡成，類神經網路模式應用與實作，儒林圖書有限公司，2009年4月。