This document has as main goal the research, application and feasibility of a smart
farming project for the coffee industry. The size of the industry, its relevance to the producer
nations and the opportunity to disrupt this industry are the main reasons to explore this topic.
In this case, the application of IoT can help to gather data for weather prediction and pest
detection. The problems associated with these two parameters are present across different
nations, for this reason, it is important to find a solution with international coverage, in order
to provide the needed data to the farmers across the globe.
The application of IoT methodologies can benefit the farmer in different ways; a more
accurate detection of the insect infestation will reduce the application of pesticides, the
reduction of pesticides will help to increase the quality of the coffee beans and this will have
a positive impact in the price of the coffee, in favor of the farmers.

This document has as main goal the research, application and feasibility of a smart
farming project for the coffee industry. The size of the industry, its relevance to the producer
nations and the opportunity to disrupt this industry are the main reasons to explore this topic.
In this case, the application of IoT can help to gather data for weather prediction and pest
detection. The problems associated with these two parameters are present across different
nations, for this reason, it is important to find a solution with international coverage, in order
to provide the needed data to the farmers across the globe.
The application of IoT methodologies can benefit the farmer in different ways; a more
accurate detection of the insect infestation will reduce the application of pesticides, the
reduction of pesticides will help to increase the quality of the coffee beans and this will have
a positive impact in the price of the coffee, in favor of the farmers.

References
[1] The Economic Impact of the Coffee Industry. 2019. The Economic Impact of the Coffee
Industry. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ncausa.org/industry-resources/economic-
impact/. [Accessed 27 January 2019].
[2] Coffee farmers | Fairtrade Foundation. 2019. Coffee farmers | Fairtrade Foundation.
[ONLINE] Available at: http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/Farmers-and-Workers/Coffee/. [Ac-
cessed 9 March 2019].
[3] World Atlas. 2019. Top Coffee Producing Countries - WorldAtlas.com. [ONLINE] Avail-
able at: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-coffee-producing-countries.html/. [Ac-
cessed 20 March 2018].
[4] Fortune. 2019. | Fortune. [ONLINE] Available at: http://fortune.com/2018/12/29/price-
of-coffee-beans-2019/. [Accessed 9 March 2019].
[5] 2017 U.S. Specialty Coffee Consumption Trends | Specialty Coffee Association News.
2019. 2017 U.S. Specialty Coffee Consumption Trends | Specialty Coffee Association
News. [ONLINE] Available at: https://scanews.coffee/2017/11/29/2017-u-s-specialty-
coffee-consumption-trends/. [Accessed 10 March 2019].
[6] OEC - Coffee (HS92: 0901) Product Trade, Exporters and Importers. 2019. OEC - Coffee
(HS92: 0901) Product Trade, Exporters and Importers. [ONLINE] Available at: https://at-
las.media.mit.edu/en/profile/hs92/0901/. [Accessed 10 March 2019].
[7] OEC - Coffee (HS92: 0901) Product Trade, Exporters and Importers . 2019. OEC - Coffee
(HS92: 0901) Product Trade, Exporters and Importers. [ONLINE] Available at: https://at-
las.media.mit.edu/en/profile/hs92/0901/. [Accessed 10 Marc 2019].
[8] "Overview of the Global Coffee Sector Supply Chain." [ONLINE] Available at:
https://www.agrifinfacility.org/sites/agrifin/files/Over-
view%20of%20the%20Global%20Coffee%20Sector%20Supply%20Chains.pdf/. [last
access: 10 March 2019].
[9] Jessica Eise, Natalie White. 2019. Here’s how climate change is affecting your cup of
coffee – Market Watch. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.marketwatch.com/story/cli-
mate-change-is-creating-new-struggles-for-coffee-producers-2018-08-27. [Accessed 19
March 2019].
[10] C. Bunn et al, "A bitter cup: climate change profile of global production of Arabica and
Robusta coffee." Climate Change, vol. 129, no. 1-2, pp. 89-101, March, 2015.
[11] www.brazil.gov.br. 2019. No page title. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bra-
zil.gov.br/about-brazil/news/2017/01/brazilian-coffee-accounts-for-31-3-of-global-pro-
duction/. [Accessed 25 March 2019].
[12] A.C.W. Craparo et al, "Coffea arabica yields decline in Tanzania due to climate change:
Global implications," Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol. 207, pp. 1-10, July, 2015.
[13] Invasive Species Control | U.S. Department of the Interior. 2019. Invasive Species Con-
trol | U.S. Department of the Interior. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://www.doi.gov/ocl/invasive-species-control. [Accessed 6 April 2019].
[14] C. M. Oliveira, A. M. Auad, S. M. Mendes and M. R. Frizzas, "Crop losses and the eco-
nomic impact of insect pests on Brazilian agriculture," Crop Protection, vol. 56, pp. 50-
54, 2014.
[15] "Impact evaluation report – Integrated management of the coffee berry borer," [ONLINE]
Available at: http://dev.ico.org/project_pdfs/CBB_ICO02.pdf/. [Accessed 11 April 2019].
[16] F. E. Vega1, F. Infante and A. J. Johnson, "The Genus Hypothenemus, with Emphasis on
H on hampei, the coffee berry borer," Bark Beetles: Biology and Ecology of Native and
Invasive Species, Edition: 2015, Academic Press, January 2015.
[17] N. Brigitte, M. Masaba and G, J. Hakiza, "Integrated pest management of coffee for
small-scale farmers in East Africa: Needs and limitations," Integrated pest management
reviews, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 125-132, January, 1996.
[18] Agricultural exports worth nearly €92 billion in 2017 | News item | Government.nl. 2019.
Agricultural exports worth nearly €92 billion in 2017 | News item | Government.nl.
[ONLINE] Available at: https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2018/01/19/agricul-
tural-exports-worth-nearly-%E2%82%AC92-billion-in-2017. [Accessed 22 April 2019].
[19] Jennifer Kite-Powell. 2019. Why Precision Agriculture Will Change How Food Is Pro-
duced. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jen-
niferhicks/2018/04/30/why-precision-agriculture-will-change-how-food-is-produced/.
[Accessed 22 April 2019].
[20] C. K. Sahu, P. k. Sethy and S. K. Behera, "Sensing technology for detecting insects in a
paddy crop field using optical sensor," Information and communication technology for
sustainable development, pp. 191-199, January, 2018.
[21] Elec Freaks. 2019. Ultrasonic Ranging Module HC - SR04 - Mouser Electronics.
[ONLINE] Available at: https://www.mouser.com/ds/2/813/HCSR04-1022824.pdf/. [Ac-
cessed 13 March 2019].
[22] Sigfox 0G network on track to establishing a standard. 2019. Sigfox 0G network on track
to establishing a standard. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.sigfox.com/en/news/sig-
fox-0g-network-track-establishing-standard. [Accessed 19 May 2019].
[23] Coverage | Sigfox. 2019. Coverage | Sigfox. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.sig-
fox.com/en/coverage. [Accessed 19 May 2019].
[24] Juan Carlos ZUNIGA. 2017. Technology Overview for W3C WoT Group. [ONLINE]
Available at: https://www.w3.org/2017/07/wot-f2f/slides/W3C_Sigfox_Technology.pdf/.
[Accessed 20 May 2019].
[25] UnaBiz. 2019. UnaShield: Arduino Shield + Sigfox transceiver module | Solutions | Un-
aBiz . [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.unabiz.com/portfolio/unashield/. [Accessed
12 June 2019].
[26] Standard C++ . 2019. Standard C++ . [ONLINE] Available at: https://isocpp.org/.
[Accessed 12 June 2019].
[27] Fritzing Fritzing. 2019. Fritzing Fritzing. [ONLINE] Available at: http://fritzing.org/.
[Accessed 12 June 2019].
[28] WSSFM10R4 | Sigfox Partner Network | The IoT solution book. 2019. WSSFM10R4 |
Sigfox Partner Network | The IoT solution book. [ONLINE] Available at: https://part-
ners.sigfox.com/products/sfm10r2. [Accessed 12 June 2019].
[29] ChungHwa Telecom CHT.com.tw. 2019. About Us | ChungHwa Telecom CHT.com.tw.
[ONLINE] Available at: https://www.cht.com.tw/en/home/cht. [Accessed 13 June 2019].
[30] Collision & broadcast domain. 2019. Collision & broadcast domain. [ONLINE] Available
at: https://study-ccna.com/collision-broadcast-domain. [Accessed 13 June 2019].
[31] RFC 896 - Congestion Control in IP/TCP Internetworks. 2019. RFC 896 - Congestion
Control in IP/TCP Internetworks. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc896. [Accessed 13 June 2019].
[32] Login. 2019. Login. [ONLINE] Available at: https://backend.sigfox.com/auth/login.
[Accessed 13 June 2019].
[33] Location | Sigfox build. 2019. Location | Sigfox build. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://build.sigfox.com/location. [Accessed 13 June 2019].
[34] Hexadecimal to Decimal Converter. 2019. Hexadecimal to Decimal Converter. [ONLINE]
Available at: https://www.binaryhexconverter.com/hex-to-decimal-converter. [Accessed
13 June 2019].
[35] IEIT. 2019. Taiwan government grants, loans and assistance - IEIT. [ONLINE] Available
at: https://startup.sme.gov.tw/national-government-grants-loans-and-assistances/. [Ac-
cessed 9 June 2019].
[36] KPMG. 2015. Country Tax Profile: Taiwan. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://home.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2015/10/taiwan-2015.pdf/. [Accessed 13
June 2019].
[37] The Verge. 2019. Why everything is a subscription - The Verge. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/30/18522990/recurring-revenue-gadgets-hardware-
profit-subscription. [Accessed 12 June 2019].