視窗作業系統下三種圖形介面閱讀軟體對視障者之適用性評估

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研究生：	張雅惠 ya-hui Chang
論文名稱：	視窗作業系統下三種圖形介面閱讀軟體對視障者之適用性評估 Evaluation of Three Chinese GUI Screen Readers for the Blind
指導教授：	王朝正 chaur-jeng Wang
口試委員:	吳忠霖 john-ling Wu 李志偉 jyh-wei Lee
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 機械工程系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年：	2009
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	78
中文關鍵詞：	輔助科技、螢幕閱讀軟體
外文關鍵詞：	Assisitive Technology, Screen reader
相關次數：	點閱：260 下載：1
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摘要
自從人類進入電腦化的紀元後二十一世紀即賦予其”數位時代”的美名。而幸運的是，輔助科技的發展也搭上此一電腦革命的趨勢，例如為視障者開發之螢幕閱讀軟體即為一典型範例。
為了積極了解螢幕閱讀軟體之一般使用情形，本研究企圖透過(a)可行性，(b)效率性，(c)語音品質性與(d)穩定性等四個方面來進行整體評估，並提出其改善建議。

Abstract
It is well know that the century was given the age of digital world. Since the day of computer engineering had been started developed, and assistive technology (e. g. screen readers for the blind) were also included in the tide of development.
To better understand the general performance of screen reader, this study attempted to objectively evaluate Chinese screen readers through a series of tests including (a) accessibility, (b) efficiency, (c) voice quality and (d) stability. Each testing was carried out by specific participants included the visually impaired and the general.
The results showed that (a) Through 26 assigned tasks separated in Microsoft XP operation system, Word 2003, Excel 2003 and Internet Explorer 5.0 Chinese Jaws have 91.4%, which was the highest of three, in accessibility; (b) the results of the minimum amount of time cost that participants complete whole tasks with the screen readers they assigned was Chinese Jaws with 89 minutes, which the participants spent less time among three; (c) the results of quality parts showed Chinese Jaws have satisfaction of 53.3%, in Chinese and 60.0% in English, which were both highest of three; (d) in stability, G-mouse used RAM ranged from 9,070 ~ 10,568 Kbits in testing and Chinese Jaws crashed twice during experimental hours.

Contents
Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	I
Acknowledgement------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	III
Contents------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	IV
Figure Contents--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	VII
Table Contents---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	VIII
Chapter 1   Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------------	1
   1.1   Motivation and purpose------------------------------------------------------------------	1
Chapter 2   Literature Review---------------------------------------------------------------------	3
   2.1   Assistive technology---------------------------------------------------------------------	3
   2.2   Screen-reading application--------------------------------------------------------------	5
     2.2.1   Text screen reader--------------------------------------------------------------------	5
     2.2.2   GUI screen reader--------------------------------------------------------------------	5
     2.2.3   Web-based screen reader------------------------------------------------------------	6
   2.3   Historical overview of screen readers--------------------------------------------------	6
   2.4   Graphical user interface------------------------------------------------------------------	9
   2.5   Literature organized----------------------------------------------------------------------	9
Chapter 3   Experiment----------------------------------------------------------------------------	12
   3.1   Participants-------------------------------------------------------------------------------	12
     3.1.1   Accessibility and efficiency tests-------------------------------------------------	12
       3.1.1.1   Background information------------------------------------------------------	12
       3.1.1.2   Distribution of using screen readers-----------------------------------------	12
     3.1.2   Quality--------------------------------------------------------------------------------	13
     3.1.3   Stability------------------------------------------------------------------------------	13
   3.2   Instrumentation and environment-----------------------------------------------------	13
     3.2.1   Screen-reading applications-------------------------------------------------------	13
     3.2.2   Accessibility and efficiency-------------------------------------------------------	13
3.2.3   Quality-------------------------------------------------------------------------------	14
3.2.4   Stability------------------------------------------------------------------------------	14
   3.3   Procedures--------------------------------------------------------------------------------	15
3.3.1   Accessibility-------------------------------------------------------------------------	15
3.3.2   Efficiency----------------------------------------------------------------------------	15
     3.3.3   Quality-------------------------------------------------------------------------------	16
3.3.4   Stability-------------------------------------------------------------------------------	16
3.4   Tasks and evaluation--------------------------------------------------------------------	17
     3.4.1   Accessibility-------------------------------------------------------------------------	17
     3.4.2   Quality--------------------------------------------------------------------------------	17
     3.4.3   Stability-------------------------------------------------------------------------------	18
       3.4.3.1   Crash event---------------------------------------------------------------------	18
3.4.3.2   RAM occupation---------------------------------------------------------------	19
   3.5   Data collection---------------------------------------------------------------------------	19
Chapter 4   Results---------------------------------------------------------------------------------	20
   4.1   Accessibility------------------------------------------------------------------------------	20
     4.1.1   Windows-based tasks---------------------------------------------------------------	20
     4.1.2   Microsoft Word 2003 – based tasks----------------------------------------------	23
     4.1.3   Microsoft Excel 2006-based tasks------------------------------------------------	26
     4.1.4   Internet-based tasks-----------------------------------------------------------------	27
     4.1.5   The performance in each application--------------------------------------------	30
       4.1.5.1   Windows-based tasks---------------------------------------------------------	30
       4.1.5.2   Word-based tasks--------------------------------------------------------------	30
4.1.5.3   Excel-based tasks--------------------------------------------------------------	31
4.1.5.4   Internet-Explorer-based tasks------------------------------------------------	31
     4.1.6   Overall Performance---------------------------------------------------------------	32
   4.2   Efficiency---------------------------------------------------------------------------------	32
     4.2.1   Windows xp-------------------------------------------------------------------------	32
     4.2.2   Microsoft Word 2003--------------------------------------------------------------	32
4.2.3   Microsoft Excel 2003--------------------------------------------------------------	32
4.2.4   Internet Explorer--------------------------------------------------------------------	33
4.2.5   Total time expense------------------------------------------------------------------	33
   4.3   Quality-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	33
     4.3.1   Tasks----------------------------------------------------------------------------------	33
4.3.2   Overall Performance---------------------------------------------------------------	36
   4.4   Stability-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------	36
     4.4.1   RAM---------------------------------------------------------------------------------	36
       4.4.1.1   The desktop--------------------------------------------------------------------	37
       4.4.1.2   The laptop----------------------------------------------------------------------	38
     4.4.2   Crash---------------------------------------------------------------------------------	38
Chapter 5   Discussion-----------------------------------------------------------------------------	39
   5.1   Post-childhood blindness and its challenges-----------------------------------------	39
     5.1.1   Becoming blind---------------------------------------------------------------------	39
5.1.2   Rehabilitation plan-----------------------------------------------------------------	41
       5.1.2.1   Maintain Daily Life-----------------------------------------------------------	42
       5.1.2.2   Orientation and mobility (O&M) -------------------------------------------	44
       5.1.2.3   Computer training-------------------------------------------------------------	45
       5.1.2.4   Back to the field: Keep Education------------------------------------------	46
   5.2   Quality of voice--------------------------------------------------------------------------	47
   5.3   Combination with GUI applications--------------------------------------------------	49
     5.3.1   Accessing in GUI environment---------------------------------------------------	49
     5.3.2   Contextual Information------------------------------------------------------------	50
     5.3.3   Stability------------------------------------------------------------------------------	50
   5.4   Keystrokes--------------------------------------------------------------------------------	51
   5.5   Feedback-system status-----------------------------------------------------------------	53
Chapter 6   Conclusion----------------------------------------------------------------------------	54
Chapter 7   Suggestion and Vision---------------------------------------------------------------	55
References---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	56
Attachment 1------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	58
Attachment 2------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	71
Attachment 3------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	75
Author’s Profile---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	76

Figure Contents
Figure 2.1	Shows the architecture of a typical screen reader------------------------------	6
Figure A1.1   An Apple IIe with DuoDisk and Monitor--------------------------------------	62
Figure A1.2   The Apple IIc was Apple's first compact and portable computer-----------	64
Figure A1.3   The Apple IIGS, the most powerful Apple II, featuring a true 16-bit CPU, 4096 colors, Ensoniq synthesizer, a Mac-like GUI and a mouse-----------	66
Figure A1.4   The Apple IIGS setup, with keyboard and mouse shown--------------------	66
Figure A1.5   The Apple IIc Plus, an 8-bit revision of the original portable but with faster CPU, 3&frac12;-inch floppy and built-in power supply. It was the last of the Apple II line------------------------------------------------------------------------	68



Table Contents
Table 4.1   RAM occupation of Big Eyes, G-mouse, and Chinese Jaws in desktop-------	37
Table 4.2   RAM occupation of Big Eyes, G-mouse, and Chinese Jaws in laptop--------	38
Table 4.3   Crash record of three screen readers------------------------------------------------	38

                                

References
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_reader
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