合成含奈米POSS之聚醯亞胺及其性質研究｜國立臺灣科技大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	楊家麟 CHIA-LIN YANG
論文名稱：	合成含奈米POSS之聚醯亞胺及其性質研究 Synthesis and Characterization of Polyimides Based on Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane
指導教授：	陳燿騰 YAW-TERNG CHERN
口試委員:	陳原振 none 王健珍 none
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 化學工程系 Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年：	2005
畢業學年度：	93
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	150
中文關鍵詞：	聚醯亞胺、多面體矽氧烷
外文關鍵詞：	Polyimide, Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane
相關次數：	點閱：176 下載：0
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中文摘要

本論文以具反應性多面體矽氧烷寡聚物(Polyhedral Oligomeric Sil-
sesquioxane，POSS) 與聚醯亞胺以兩種不同的製備方法(醯亞胺奈米寡
聚物掺混法、共聚合法)形成之多面體矽氧烷寡聚物/聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料，並研究POSS含量對其溶解度、熱性質與機械性質的影響。
首先，以POSS-4-aminobenzene之一胺單體與芳香族二酸酐(ODPA)經溶液縮合聚合成聚醯亞胺奈米寡聚物，並將其以不同比例與聚醯亞胺(Ref.)進行掺混，這些掺混物可經由溶液塗佈成具有韌性之薄膜。這些膜的抗張強度範圍於103~127 MPa之間，斷裂伸長率為19~145%。經由DMA 分析可測得知玻璃轉移溫度在242~255℃。此外，在氮氣和空氣下的10%重量損失分別是512~522℃與505~523℃之間。
以1,4-Bis(4-aminophenoxy)-2-(4-POSS-benzyloxy)benzene之含PO-
SS二胺單體、TH/NH2 二胺單體與芳香族二酸酐(ODPA)製備的聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料具有中到高的固有黏度，黏度範圍在0.32~1.2 dL/g，分子量1.4~7.4*104。此系列的聚醯亞胺具有好的溶解度，可溶於大部分的有機溶劑中，且皆可經由溶液塗佈成具有韌性之薄膜。這些膜的抗張強度範圍於37~93 MPa之間，斷裂伸長率為3~197%。經由DMA 分析可測得玻璃轉移溫度在245~258℃。此外，在氮氣和空氣下的10%重量損失分別是495~517℃與475~516℃之間。

Abstract

In this study, nanoporous polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) molecules, were covalently tethered to the imide oligomer and copolyimide to form POSS/polyimide nanocomposites in two methods. The solubility properties, thermal properties and the dynamic mechanical properties of the POSS/polyimide nanocomposites were investigated by varying the weight ratio of POSS.
First, the imide nanooligomer, were prepared via the solution condensa-
tion of aromatic dianhydrides with POSS-4-aminobenzene, and added it by different ratio into polyimide, and gave flexible and tough films via solvent casting. The films had tensile strength of 103~127 MPa, and elongation to breakage values of 19~145%.The DMA analysis reveals that the glass transition temperatures ranged from 242 to 255℃. In addition, the temperat-
ures of 10% weight loss in nitrogen and the air ranged on 512~522℃ and 505~523℃, respectively.
Second, a series of polyimide nanocomposites were prepared by reaction of different ratio 1,4-Bis(4-aminophenoxy)-2-(4-POSS-benzyloxy)-
benzene, and 1,4-Bis(4-aminophenoxy)-2-tert-butylbenzene with aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The polymer were prepared with moderate to high inherent viscosities 0.32~1.2 dL/g, and molecular weight 1.4~7.4*104. The obtained copolyimides were readily soluble in common organic solvents and gave flexible and tough films via solvent casting. The films had tensile strength of 37 ~ 93 MPa , and elongation to breakage values of 3 ~ 197 % .
The DMA analysis reveals that the glass transition temperatures ranged from 245 to 258℃. In addition, the temperatures of 10% weight loss in nitrogen and the air ranged on 495~517℃ and 475~516℃, respectively.

目 錄
致謝..............................................................................................Ⅰ
中文摘要....................................................................................ⅠⅠ
Abstract......................................................................................ⅠⅤ
目錄............................................................................................ⅤⅠ
圖表索引....................................................................................ⅠⅩ

第一章	緒論.......................................................................................1
1.1  前言……........................................................................................1
1.2  奈米複合材料................................................................................3
  1.2.1奈米複合材料之特性………………………………………....7
  1.2.2奈米複合材料之技術發展與應用............................................8
1.3  多面體矽氧烷寡聚物…………………………………………...10
  1.3.1多面體矽氧烷寡聚物材料的發展起源...................................10
    1.3.2 多面體矽氧烷寡聚物 ( POSS ) 的定義與結構....................10
    1.3.3 多面體矽氧烷寡聚物 ( POSS ) 的製備................................14
    1.3.4 多面體矽氧烷寡聚物 ( POSS ) 與高分子共聚的方法........17
    1.3.5 多面體矽氧烷寡聚物 ( POSS ) 與其他填充材的比較........19
  1.4   聚醯亞胺 ( Polyimide,PI ) 的簡介...………………………..21
    1.4.1 聚醯亞胺的合成方法.......................................................23
    1.4.2 聚醯亞胺的改質及其應用................................................27
  1.5 研究動機與目的....................................................................33
第二章	實驗............................................................................34
2.1  實驗藥品.......................................................................................34
2.2  實驗程序.......................................................................................38
    2.2.1   單體製備...............................................................................38
    2.2.2   聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料的合成...........................................46
2.3  單體鑑定及聚合物之物性與化性分析.......................................51
第三章	結果與討論……………............................................54
3.1  POSS-4-aminobenzene................................................................54
3.1.1  單體製備................................................................................54
3.1.2  摻混型聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料的製備................................55
3.1.3  聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料的物性分析....................................55
3.2  1,4-Bis(4-aminophenoxy)-2-(4-POSS-benzyloxy)benzene……..59
3.2.1  單體製備................................................................................59
3.2.2  聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料的合成............................................60
3.2.3  聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料的物性分析....................................61
第四章	結論........................................................................... 64
4.1  POSS-4-aminobenzene...............................................................64
4.2  1,4-Bis(4-aminophenoxy)-2-(4-POSS-benzyloxy)benzene….….65
參考文獻......................................................................................124
自述..............................................................................................130















圖表索引

Table 1  我國與先進國家在高分子奈米複合材料產業之技術水準比較
…………………………..……………………………………..2
Table 2  高分子奈米複合材料及應用……..…………………………….8
Table 3  多面體矽氧烷(POSS)與高分子共聚方式優缺點……………..17
Table 4  多面體矽氧烷(POSS)與其它填充材料之特性比較…………..20
Table 5  用於聚醯亞胺複合材料的無機物及前驅物…………..………32
Table 6  The Inherent Viscosities of Polyimide…………….…………….55
       Table 7  Solubility of Imide Oligomer and Polyimide…….………….......56
Table 8  Mechanical Propetries of Blend Polyimides and the Film Quality...
        ………..…….…….……….……….….…………….…………...56
Table 9  Thermal Properties of Blend Polyimdes…………...….………...58
       Table 10  The Inherent Viscosities and Molecular Weights of Copolyimides
         …….............................................................................................60
Table 11  Solubility of Copolyimides.........................................................61
Table 12  Mechanical Propetries of Copolyimides and the Film Quality...62
Table 13  Thermal Properties of Copolyimides..........................................63

Scheme 1  合成 POSS-benzene 的反應機構...........................................38
Scheme 2  合成 POSS-4-nitrobenzene 的反應機構................................39
Scheme 3  合成 POSS-4-aminobenzene 的反應機構............................40
Scheme 4  合成 1,4-Bis(4-nitrophenoxy)-2-methoxybenzene 的反應機構
          ...................................................................................................41
Scheme 5  合成 1,4-Bis(4-nitrophenoxy)-2-hydroxybenzene 的反應機構
          ...................................................................................................41
Scheme 6  合成 1,4-Bis(4-nitrophenoxy)-2-(4-POSS-benzyloxy)benzene 的反應機構...............................................................................42
Scheme 7  合成 1,4-Bis(4-aminophenoxy)-2-(4-POSS-benzyloxy)benzene 的反應機構...............................................................................43
Scheme 8  合成 1,4-Bis(4-nitrophenoxy)-2-tert-butylbenzene 的反應機
          構...............................................................................................44
Scheme 9  合成 1,4-Bis(4-aminophenoxy)-2-tert-butylbenzene 的反應機
          構...............................................................................................45
Scheme 10  聚醯亞胺寡聚物的反應機構.................................................47
Scheme 11  聚醯亞胺材料的反應機構.....................................................48
Scheme 12  聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料的反應機構.....................................50

Figure 1  奈米複合材料演進過程...............................................................6
Figure 2  插層(Intercalation)、剥離(Exfoliation)示意圖………….............6
Figure 3  多面體矽氧烷寡聚物………………….....................................11
Figure 4  多面體矽氧烷寡聚物 ( RSiO1.5 )8 ( POSS ) 的立體圖............13
Figure 5  多面體矽氧烷寡聚物 ( CH3SiO1.5 )8 之鍵角與鍵長...............13
Figure 6  POSS 的結構與體積的關係圖.................................................14
Figure 7  多面體矽氧烷寡聚物 ( POSS ) 的製備方法..........................15
Figure 8  多面體矽氧烷寡聚物 ( POSS ) 的結構分類圖......................16
Figure 9   POSS與高分子共聚的模擬示意圖.........................................18
Figure 10  聚醯亞胺的反應機構...............................................................21
Figure 11  單批式聚合法之反應機構.......................................................25
Figure 12  兩段式聚合法之反應機構.......................................................25
Figure 13  聚醯亞胺( PI )在電子材料上的應用......................................31
Figure 14  FTIR spectrum of POSS-benzene.............................................66
Figure 15  FTIR spectrum of POSS-4-nitrobenzene..................................67
Figure 16  FTIR spectrum of POSS-4-aminobenzene…..........................68
Figure 17  FTIR spectrum of 1,4-Bis(4-nitrophenoxy)-2-methoxybenzene..
           ................................................................................................69

Figure 18  FTIR spectrum of 1,4-Bis(4-nitrophenoxy)-2- hydroxylbenzene.
           .................................................................................................70
Figure 19  FTIR spectrum of 1,4-Bis(4-nitrophenoxy)-2-(4-POSS-benzylo-
          xy)benzene................................................................................71
Figure 20  FTIR spectrum of 1,4-Bis(4-aminophenoxy)-2-(4-POSS-bnzyl-
          oxy)benzene..............................................................................72
Figure 21  FTIR spectrum of POSS PI Oligomer......................................73
Figure 22  FTIR spectrum of 側基含POSS之聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料….
           ……………………………………………………………….74
Figure 23  Mass spectrum of 1,4-Bis(4-nitrophenoxy)-2-methoxybenzene...
 ……………………………………………………………….75
Figure 24  Mass spectrum of 1,4-Bis(4-nitrophenoxy)-2-hydroxybenzene...
 ….………………………………………………………..…..76
Figure 25  DSC curve of CPI 11 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
…………...…………………………………………………..77
Figure 26  DSC curve of CPI 12 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
…………...…………………………………………………..78
Figure 27  DSC curve of CPI 13 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
………...……………………………………………………..79

Figure 28  DSC curve of CPI 14 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
………...……………………………………………………..80
Figure 29  DSC curve of CPI 15 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
………...……………………………………………………..81
Figure 30  DSC curve of CPI 16 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
………...……………………………………………………..82
Figure 31  DSC curve of CPI 21 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
………...……………………………………………………..83
Figure 32  DSC curve of CPI 22 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
……….……………………………………..………………..84
Figure 33  DSC curve of CPI 23 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
………...……………………………………………………..85
Figure 34  DSC curve of CPI 24 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
………...……………………………………………………..86
Figure 35  DSC curve of CPI 25 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
………...……………………………………………………..87
Figure 36  DSC curve of Ref. in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
……………………………………………………………….88

Figure 37  DMA curve of CPI 11 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 5℃/min
………...……………………………………………………..89
Figure 38  DMA curve of CPI 12 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 5℃/min
…………...…………………………………………………..90
Figure 39  DMA curve of CPI 13 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 5℃/min
…………...…………………………………………………..91
Figure 40  DMA curve of CPI 14 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 5℃/min
…………...…………………………………………………..92
Figure 41  DMA curve of CPI 15 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 5℃/min
…………...…………………………………………………..93
Figure 42  DMA curve of CPI 16 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 5℃/min
…………...…………………………………………………..94
Figure 43  DMA curve of CPI 21 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 5℃/min
………...……………………………………………………..95
Figure 44  DMA curve of CPI 22 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 5℃/min
………...……………………………………………………..96
Figure 45  DMA curve of CPI 23 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 5℃/min
………...……………………………………………………..97

Figure 46  DMA curve of CPI 24 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 5℃/min
………...……………………………………………………..98
Figure 47  DMA curve of Ref. in nitrogen at a heating rate of 5℃/min
………...………………………………………..……..……..99
Figure 48  TGA curve of CPI 11 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
……….…………………………………………………..…100
Figure 49  TGA curve of CPI 12 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
………………………………………………………..…….101
Figure 50  TGA curve of CPI 13 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
……….………………………………………………..……102
Figure 51  TGA curve of CPI 14 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
……….……………………………………………....……..103
Figure 52  TGA curve of CPI 15 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
……….………………………………………………..……104
Figure 53  TGA curve of CPI 16 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
……….……………………………………………….…….105
Figure 54  TGA curve of CPI 21 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
……….……………………………………………….…….106

Figure 55  TGA curve of CPI 22 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
……….……………………………………………….…….107
Figure 56  TGA curve of CPI 23 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
……….……………………………………………….…….108
Figure 57  TGA curve of CPI 24 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
……….……………………………………………….…….109
Figure 58  TGA curve of CPI 25 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
……….……………………………………………….…….110
Figure 59  TGA curve of Ref. in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10℃/min
……….……………………………………………….…….111
Figure 60  TGA curve of CPI 11 in air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10℃/min……………………………………………….…….112
Figure 61  TGA curve of CPI 12 in air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10℃/min…….……………………………………….……....113
Figure 62  TGA curve of CPI 13 in air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10℃/min……….…………………………………………….114
Figure 63  TGA curve of CPI 14 in air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10℃/min……………………………………………….…….115

Figure 64  TGA curve of CPI 15 in air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10℃/min……….……………...……………………….…….116
Figure 65  TGA curve of CPI 16 in air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10℃/min……….………...…………………………….…….117
Figure 66  TGA curve of CPI 21 in air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10℃/min……….……………………………….…………....118
Figure 67  TGA curve of CPI 22 in air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10℃/min……………………………………………….…….119
Figure 68  TGA curve of CPI 23 in air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10℃/min……………………………………………….…….120
Figure 69  TGA curve of CPI 24 in air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10℃/min……………………………………………….…….121
Figure 70  TGA curve of CPI 25 in air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10℃/min……….………………………………...…….…….122
Figure 71  TGA curve of Ref. in air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10℃/min……………………………………………….…….123

                                

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