電紡奈米纖維複合膜應用於直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統｜國立臺灣科技大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	林宏璋 Hung-Chang Lin
論文名稱：	電紡奈米纖維複合膜應用於直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統 A Study of Electrospun Nanocomposite Membranes Applied to Direct Contact Membrane Distillation
指導教授：	蘇清淵 Ching-Iuan Su
口試委員:	李俊毅 Jiunn-Yih Lee 黃盟舜 Meng-Shun Huang
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 材料科學與工程系 Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年：	2015
畢業學年度：	103
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	105
中文關鍵詞：	靜電紡絲、直接接觸膜蒸餾、奈米纖維、滲透通量、疏水性、孔隙率
外文關鍵詞：	Electrospinning, Direct contact membrane distillation, Nanofiber membrane, Flux, Hydrophobicity, Porosity
相關次數：	點閱：386 下載：0
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本研究以靜電紡絲（Electrospinning, ES）技術製備電紡奈米纖維膜，電紡液以聚二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯[poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), PVDF-HFP]為主要原料，並添加具有低熱傳導率的無機疏水性中孔洞二氧化矽粒子，使電紡纖維複合膜具有高孔隙率、低孔徑、奈米細度、高比表面積、高疏水性與低熱傳導係數之特性，並採用直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統(direct contact membrane distillation, DCMD)，針對所配置的模擬海水進行脫鹽效能評估。
研究主要探討脫鹽效能及薄膜性能參數，如：產水導電度、滲透通量、溫度極化係數、熱傳導係數等，並於長時間操作下評估薄膜的滲透通量變化及結垢現象，進而與商業化薄膜進行比較。研究結果發現，PVDF-HFP電紡纖維複合膜最佳性質為平均孔徑0.25 μm、孔隙率89%、熱傳導係數0.029 W/m•K及平均纖維直徑218 nm，且脫鹽率可達99%以上，同時具有備設備簡單、操作容易、常壓操作、初設成本低、分離效率高及前處理需求低等優勢。
薄膜蒸餾之參數探討中，容積溫度差於50°C、掃流速度於500 mL/min時，PVDF-HFP電紡纖維複合膜滲透通量為 35.3 kg/m2hr，PTFE 商業膜膜滲透通量為24.2 kg/m2hr。研究結果顯示在20小時長時間的脫鹽實驗中，PVDF-HFP電紡纖維複合膜脫鹽率為99.96%，PTFE商業膜脫鹽率為99.94%。與PTFE商業膜相比較，PVDF-HFP電紡纖維複合膜與PTFE商業膜的脫鹽效果均達到99%以上，兩者差異不大，而PVDF-HFP電紡纖維複合膜於連續20小時的平均通量較PTFE商業膜產出多11.1 kg/m2hr。

In this study, the electrospun nanofiber membrane were manufactured by the technique of electrospinning. The electrospinning solution consists of poly vinylidene fluoride - hexafluoropropylene [poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), PVDF-HFP] which is the main material. And then, micropores nano-silicon particles were added to stabilize the temperature effect of membrane distillation system, so the characteristics of electrospun fiber composite membranes are high porosity with nanometer scale pore size, high specific surface area and hydrophobicity, low thermal conductivity. The simulated seawater desalination efficacy used direct-contact thin film distillation system (direct contact membrane distillation, DCMD) .
This research mainly investigated the effectiveness of desalination and membrane performance characteristics, such as production of water conductivity, flux, temperature polarization coefficient, and thermal conductivity, etc. It assess the penetration of flux and fouling situation under several operations that compared with other commercialized membrane. The experiment found the result in the experiment of the membrane that PVDF-HFP electrospun fiber composite membranes have the optimal natures. The mean pore diameter is 0.25 μm, porosity is 89%, thermal conductivity is 0.029 W/m•K, average fiber diameter is 218 nm, and the desalination rate can reach almost 99%. The equipment also has a simple, easily to operate, atmospheric condition, low set up cost, high separation efficiency, and low demand for pre-treatment advantages.
To investigate the parameters of the thin membrane distillation, the temperature difference of the chamber for 50°C. When the sweep velocity at 500 mL/min, PVDF-HFP electrospun fiber composite membranes have 35.3 kg/m2hr of flux which compared with PTFE commercial membrane 24.2 kg/m2hr. The result showed that the desalination rate of PVDF-HFP electrospun fiber composite membranes is 99.94% and PTFE membrane commercial 99.96% during 20 hours long time desalination. As the result, the desalination efficacy of PVDF-HFP electrospun fiber composite membranes and commercial one reached to 99%. Furthermore, the average flux of PVDF-HFP electrospun fiber composite membranes is more 11.1 kg/m2hr than commercial PTFE membrane for 20 consecutive hours.

中文摘要.....................................................................................................I
英文摘要...................................................................................................III
誌謝............................................................................................................V
目錄...........................................................................................................VI
圖目錄.......................................................................................................XI
表目錄....................................................................................................XIV
第一章  緒論............................................................................................1
1.1 前言.............................................................................................1
1.2 薄膜蒸餾概述.............................................................................4
1.3 薄膜蒸餾法特徵及其優點.........................................................6
1.4 薄膜蒸餾法之類型.....................................................................8
1.5 應用薄膜蒸餾之薄膜須具備的特性.......................................11
1.6 薄膜製作方法介紹...................................................................16
1.7 薄膜蒸餾常見的型態...............................................................19
1.8 研究動機與目的...................................................................... 20
第二章  文獻回顧與理論......................................................................22
2.1 靜電紡絲奈米纖維薄膜應用於水質過濾領域.......................22
2.2 薄膜蒸餾技術...........................................................................29
2.3 薄膜蒸餾理論...........................................................................35
    2.3.1 薄膜蒸餾原理................................................................35
    2.3.2 溫度極化現象................................................................36
    2.3.3 熱量傳輸效應................................................................37
    2.3.4 質量傳輸效應................................................................39
2.4 靜電紡絲理論...........................................................................41
    2.4.1 靜電紡絲原理................................................................41
    2.4.2 影響靜電紡絲之參數....................................................42
第三章  實驗材料與方法......................................................................45
3.1 實驗材料...................................................................................45
3.2 實驗儀器及設備.......................................................................46
3.3 分析儀器...................................................................................46
3.4 實驗流程...................................................................................47
3.5 實驗方法...................................................................................48
    3.5.1 靜電紡絲溶液的製備....................................................48
    3.5.2 靜電紡絲工程................................................................48
3.6 靜電紡絲纖維薄膜表面與微細構造分析...............................48
    3.6.1 孔徑分析........................................................................48
    3.6.2 靜電紡絲奈米纖維膜表面觀察....................................50
    3.6.3 接觸角測定儀................................................................51
    3.6.4 纖維薄膜孔隙率測定....................................................52
    3.6.5 熱傳導分析儀.................................................................53
    3.6.6 纖維薄膜基重.................................................................54
    3.6.7 薄膜熱壓處理….............................................................54
    3.6.8 強力測試.........................................................................55
    3.6.9 導電度量測.....................................................................56
3.7 薄膜蒸餾模組...........................................................................57
3.7.1 模具設計........................................................................57
3.7.2 系統設計........................................................................58
3.7.3 薄膜蒸餾模組實驗參數操作........................................62
3.8 薄膜蒸餾水質分析...................................................................64
3.8.1  pH 值...........................................................................64
3.8.2 總固體溶解量................................................................64
3.8.3 懸浮固體........................................................................64
3.8.4 電導度............................................................................64
第四章  結果與討論..............................................................................65
    4.1 靜電紡絲最佳條件探討...........................................................65
       4.1.1 滾筒收集器之轉速探討................................................. 65
       4.1.2 有機鹽類的添加..............................................................67
       4.1.3 不同紡絲針頭對於纖維薄膜直徑的影響......................68
    4.2 添加疏水性奈米粒子對於纖維薄膜性質分析.......................70
       4.2.1 疏水性中孔洞二氧化矽粒子添加..................................70
       4.2.2 奈米纖維薄膜接觸角測定..............................................72
       4.2.3 奈米纖維薄膜孔徑分析……………………..…............73
       4.2.4 奈米纖維薄膜孔隙率分析..............................................74
    4.3 複合型態結構...........................................................................76
       4.3.1 奈米纖維薄膜複合型態結構製作..................................76
       4.3.2 奈米纖維薄膜複合型態結構熱傳導率測定..................78
    4.4 薄膜蒸餾模組參數設定探討...................................................79
       4.4.1 固定容積溫度差，改變幫浦進水流速............................79
       4.4.2 固定幫浦進水流速，改變容積溫度差............................80
    4.5 複合型態電紡膜經由熱壓處理...............................................81
       4.5.1 薄膜熱壓處理與薄膜品質分析......................................81
       4.5.2 薄膜熱壓處理後拉力強度實驗......................................83
    4.6 薄膜蒸餾模組連續12小時實驗.............................................84
       4.6.1 薄膜冷水端導電度變化..................................................84
       4.6.2 薄膜滲透通量變化..........................................................85
       4.6.3 奈米纖維複合膜之溫度極化係數探討..........................86
    4.7 實際海水進行薄膜蒸餾實驗...................................................87
       4.7.1高流速高溫差、低流速高溫差、低流速低溫差……........87
       4.7.2 薄膜脫鹽效果..................................................................90
       4.7.3 飼水端電紡纖維膜與商業膜結垢情形..........................91
       4.7.4 冷水端電紡纖維膜與商業膜結垢情形..........................92
    4.8 薄膜蒸餾產水之水質檢測.......................................................93
第五章  結論..........................................................................................95
參考文獻..................................................................................................98

                                

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