在這個題目裡，我們的目的是把三氧化二釤運用在標靶放射性治療中， 因此， 三氧化二釤粒子需要具備以下的條件: 奈米級粒子、球形、在水裡有良好的分散性。 這裡， 我們用了四種不同的方法包括水解法、水熱法、溶膠法和多元醇法來合成不同大小和型態的三氧化二釤奈米粒子。
在水解法中，三氧化二釤奈米球被成功地合成出來。此外，我們固定Sm(NO3)3·6H2O 莫耳濃度(0.05M)然後調整不同莫耳濃度的尿素(0.6M ~2.0M)。
當尿素的莫耳濃度是1.4M時，可以獲得最小的平均粒徑和最單一的粒徑分布。
在水熱法中，由於在高溫度(200 °C)以及長的反應時間下，三氧化二釤棒被合成出來。雖然粒子的大小和型態不適用於我們的目的但是三氧化二釤棒可以被應用在不同的領域，例如: 高介電係數材料、催化劑和傳感器。
在溶膠法中，二甘醇(diethylene glycol, DEG)和乙二醇(ethylene glycol, EG)被選擇當作溶劑。除此之外，整個反應是在鹼性環境下進行。在二甘醇環境下合成的三氧化二釤有較小的粒徑(19.50± 3.52 nm)。
在多醇法中，不同的溶液被分開地被加入至前驅物溶液中，第一個是氫氧化鈉溶液(溶於二甘醇)而另一個是純水。在氫氧化鈉溶液這例子，最佳的反應時間是兩小時因為可以獲得透明的溶液。而另一個純水的例子，最佳的水/二甘醇的比例是0.2因為能得到透明的溶液。最後兩個反應後的產物可以穩定地分散在溶液裡達數個禮拜之久。

In this work, the synthesis of samarium oxide (Sm2O3) applicable in targeted radionuclide treatment is our purpose. Therefore, Sm2O3 particles must possess following conditions; nanometer-size, spherical shape and good dispersion in water. Here, Sm2O3 particles of different particle sizes and morphologies were synthesized by four kinds of different methods including hydrolysis method, hydrothermal method, sol-gel method and polyol method.
In hydrolysis method, Sm2O3 nanospheres were successfully synthesized. Moreover, we fixed molar concentration (0.05 M) of Sm(NO3)3·6H2O and adjusted at different urea molar concentrations (0.6 M ~ 2.0 M). When urea concentration was 1.4 M, the smallest average particle size and narrow size distribution were obtained.
In hydrothermal method, Sm2O3 rods were formed due to high temperature (200 °C) and long reaction time. Although the particle size and morphology are not suitable for our purpose, Sm2O3 rods can be applied in different area such as high-k dielectric material, catalysts, and sensors.
In sol-gel method, ethylene glycol (EG) and diethylene glycol (DEG) were chosen as solvent. Besides, the reaction was carried out in an alkaline condition. Sm2O3 with the smaller particle size (19.5± 3.5 nm) was synthesized in DEG.
In polyol method, the reaction was carried out by adding separately different solutions into precursor solution (in DEG). One is sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (in DEG) and the other is only water. In case of addition of NaOH solution, the optimal time was 2 h because the transparent solution was obtained. In case of addition of water, the optimal ratio of water and DEG was 0.2 due to the gain of transparent solution. Finally, products from both reaction solutions can stably disperse in water for weeks.

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