電腦斷層掃描所取得的影像可藉由醫學軟體將其重建出3D CAD，並且可經由快速原型技術建立出生物模型，然而口腔所取得的影像高達數百張，於重建3D CAD過程中非常耗費時間，對於極需動刀的病患不利於等待術前模擬的模型應用。因此，本研究宗旨在於改善影像編輯模式達到快速製作口腔生物模型。
先前的研究以閥值1150HU用於下顎骨及牙齒編輯可得最佳CAD影像，但實際測試發現無法應用於上顎竇及上顎編輯。因此，上顎及上顎竇閥值選取過程，先從500~1100HU中以間隔200HU尋找ㄧ適當值，再縮小間隔為50HU於找到最佳閥值，發現650~700HU最為適合編輯且編輯時間也最為節省。為降低影像編輯時間，當各部位的閥值訂定後，採用非逐張編輯策略重建3D CAD，發現影像間距於1.5mm以內可大幅降低編輯時間，並維持平均誤差在0.3mm以內，所製作出的生物模型也都能應用於臨床上。本研究藉由非逐張編輯的方式及適當影像閥值的訂定成功的改善影像編輯過程達到快速製作口腔生物模型。

Computed Tomography (CT) images can be converted into a 3D CAD model through medical image processing software, and then used to build a physical model by Rapid Prototyping (RP) techniques for clinical applications. The size of the oral cavity images taken by CT scan is usually up to several hundreds, and it is time consuming to conduct above process, which is unfavorable to urgent cases requiring a physical model for pre-operation simulation. Therefore, this research intended to improve the image editing process to rapidly fabricate oral biological models.
The suitable threshold value, 1150HU, used to edit images of mandible and teeth in our previous research is not applicable to maxilla and maxillary sinus. Hence, different thresholds for maxilla and maxillary sinus images, starting from 500HU to 1100HU with interval of 200HU, were initially tested to suggest a proper range. Then, smaller interval of 50HU was used in this proper range to find the best one, which concluded to be 650HU to 700HU. With appropriate thresholds for various portions, skip-images strategy was utilized to reduce image editing time. CAD models with different numbers of skipped images were evaluated and found that the skipping images with image interval of 1.5mm or lower could decrease the editing time significantly and still remain the average errors within 0.3mm. Moreover, the physical RP models were able to build for clinical applications. This research has successfully improved the image editing processing, and the approaches can be utilized to fabricate oral biological models rapidly.

1.梁文雄，Grant’s 解剖學，合記圖書出版社，台北市，575-578、641-64頁
2.M.J .Fehrenbach and S. W.Herring, “Illustrated anatiomy of the head and
neck.W.B Saunders Company”, pp. 69-74.p. 158, 1996.
3.M. Ash Jr.Major, B.S, “ Dental Anatomy physiology and Occlusion”
4.坂井建雄，橋本尚詞 超精析人體構造地圖，瑞昇文化事業股份有限公司 2011，
136~143頁
5.A.C Kak, and. M .Slaney, Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging,
Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers, New York, 1988.
6.呂信億,應用X射線電腦斷層掃描於BGA檢測之最佳化,清華大學動力機械工程所,2006
7.莊克士，醫學影像物理學，第227-242頁，合記圖書出版社，民國九十二年
8.簡建哲，「頭部CT與MR影像融合」，國立中央大學機械工程研究所碩士論文，民國89年
9.Tie Liu, Bing Xia and Zhiyuan Gu, “Inferior alveolar canal course: a
radiographic study”, Clinical Oral Implant. Research, pp1212-1218,2009
10.Georg Eggers, Hitomi Senoo, Gavin Kane and Joachim Mühling, “The
accuracy of image guided surgery based on cone beam computer tomography
image data”, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol ndod;pp.41-48,2009
11.R. Bibb, and J. Winder, A review of the issues surrounding three-
dimensional computed tomography for medical modelling using rapid
prototyping techniques. Radiography, 2010. 16(1): p. 78-83.
12.M.S.Yavuz, M.C.Buyukkurt, S.Tozoglu,I.M.Dagsuryu,M.Kzntarci, Evaluation of
volumetry and density of mandibular symphysis bone grafts by three-
dimensional computed tomography. Dental Traumatology, 2009. 25(5): p. 475-
479.
13.R.Adell,B. Eriksson ,U. Leknolm , P.I.Branemark,T. Jemt (1990) , “A long
termfollow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally
ededntuous jaws”, Int J of maxillofac impl, 5 , pp.347-359.
14.R. Adell,U. Lekholm ,B. Rockler ,P.I. Branemark ,J. Lindhe ,B. Eriksson ,L.
Sbrodone(1986),“Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium
fixtures(I). A 3-year longitudinal prospective study”, Int J. Oral &
Maxillofac Surg, 15, pp.39-52.
15.P.I.Branemark, “Osseointegration and its experimental backgroung”, The
journal of prosthetic dentistry, 50(3): p. 399-410. 1983
16.Adell, Eriksson, Leknolm, Branemark & Jemt, 1990; Lindquist, Carlsson &
Jemt, 1996
17.鄭偉立,電腦輔助製作手術模板應用於植牙手術準確性,台灣大學醫學院牙醫學系臨床牙
醫學研究所,2007
18.M.Ariji E Naitoh,S.Okumura , C.Ohsaki ,K. Kurita , T.Ishigami , “Can
implants be correctly angulated based on surgical templates used for
osseointegrated dental implants ”, Clin Oral Impl Res 2000;11:409-414
19.T. Sohmura and Y. Kumazawa, Original computer aided support system for ]
safe and accurate implant placement—Collaboration with an university
originated venture company. Japanese Dental Science Review, 2010. 46(2): p.
150-158.
20.M. Wu,J. Tinschert,M.Augthun,I.Wagner,J.Schadlich-Stubenrauch,P.R.Sahm.
,H.Spiekermann, “Application of laser measuring, numerical simulation and
rapid prototyping to titanium dental castings ”, Dental Materials 17
(2001) 102~108
21.Chen,Yih-Ling, and Chen,Shyh-Jye, “Manufacturing of cardiac models through
rapid prototyping technology for surgery planning”, International
Conference on advanced Manufacture, Nov 28-Dec 2 （2005）
22.S.Nikzad, A. Azari, A Novel Stereolithographic Surgical Guide Template for
Planning Treatment Involving a Mandibular Dental Implant. Journal of Oral
and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2008. 66(7): p. 1446-1454.
23.A.Cohen,A.Laviv,P.Berman,R.Nashef,J.Abu-Tair, Mandibular reconstruction
using stereolithographic 3-dimensional printing modeling technology. Oral
Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology,
2009. 108(5): p. 661-666.
24.D.N.Silva,O.M.Gerhardt de ,E.Meurer,M.I.Meurer,J.V.Lopes da silva,A.Santa
-Barbara, Dimensional error in selective laser sintering and 3D-printing of
models for craniomaxillary anatomy reconstruction. Journal of Cranio-
Maxillofacial Surgery, 2008. 36(8): p. 443-449.
25.R.Olszewski, K. Tranduy, and H. Reychler, Innovative procedure for computer-
assisted genioplasty: three-dimensional cephalometry, rapid-prototyping
model and surgical splint. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgery, 2010. 39(7): p. 721-724.
26.D.J.Murray, G.Edwards,J.G. Mainprize,O. Antonyshyn , Optimizing
Craniofacial Osteotomies: Applications of Haptic and Rapid Prototyping
Technology. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2008. 66(8): p. 1766- 1772.
27.J.D.Wagner, A.B.Georage, Rapid 3-dimensional prototyping for surgical
repair of maxillofacial fractures: a technical note. Journal of Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery, 2004. 62(7): p. 898-901.
28.C. R.Deckard, “Selective laser sintering , ”Phd Thesis , The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, texas,” 1988
29.W .Hull; Charles, “ Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects
by stereolithography,” United States Patent and Trademark Office
Websites,1984.
30.Crump; S. Scott, “Apparatus and method for creating three-dimensional
objects”, United States Patent and Trademark Office Websites ,1989.
31.R .Merz,F. Prinz ,K. Ramaswami ,K. Terk , and L.Weiss , “Shape Deposition
Manufacturing”, Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, August 1994.
32.G .Alexander, “Fabrication of Ceramic Components Using Mold Shape
Deposition Manufacturing”, PhD Thesis ,Stanford University,Auguest,1999
33.Serope Kalpakjian, “Manufacturing Engineering and Techology, ” Prentice-
Hall,inc.2001.
34.通業技研股份有限公司（http://www.git.com.tw/rp01.html）
35.盧韋勳，快速成型技術應用於口腔顎面外科醫療之研究，台灣科技大學
工程研究所碩士論文，民國100年