提升卜作嵐反應及水玻璃灌漿之效率於ECT全面改良之探討

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研究生：	薛宇廷 Yu-Ting Syue
論文名稱：	提升卜作嵐反應及水玻璃灌漿之效率於ECT全面改良之探討 Effects of Enhancing Efficiency in Pozzolanic Reaction and Injecting Water Glass on the ECT Full Improvement
指導教授：	歐章煜 Chang-Yu Ou
口試委員:	林宏達 Hung-Da Lin 陳君弢 Chun-Tao Chen 簡紹琦 Shao-Chi Chien
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 營建工程系 Department of Civil and Construction Engineering
論文出版年：	2015
畢業學年度：	103
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	107
中文關鍵詞：	電滲透、氯化鈣、水玻璃、高嶺土、強度改良
外文關鍵詞：	Electroosmosis, Calcium chloride, Water glass, Kaolinite, Strength improvement
相關次數：	點閱：210 下載：6
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上一筆

前人研究顯示電滲透化學灌漿試驗由正極灌入氯化鈣溶液，再灌入氫氧化鉀溶液，將正極因電解酸化之黏土pH值提升至中性，再灌入水玻璃溶液，其結果能有效增加室內錐頭阻抗強度至中間區域，但中間至負極區域之強度仍不理想。為改善此缺陷，本研究嘗試(1)提高氯化鈣濃度，使正極區域之鈣離子量增加，並藉由其他灌漿階段，提升移動至負極之鈣離子量；(2)透過定時換漿，去除正極槽內因電解產生氫離子而逐漸酸化之水玻璃，期待能因此減緩水波璃聚合之速度，使改良範圍增加；(3)於灌入水玻璃後，再灌入去離子水，希望能帶動正極堆積之鈣離子向負極移動，同時負極因電解反應產生之鹼化持續進行，使高鹼性環境形成，而流向負極之鈣離子因此形成氫氧化鈣而堆積。結果顯示：(1)提升氯化鈣濃度，再灌氫氧化鉀溶液會使正極鈣離子堆積過多，可能阻塞後續之灌漿；(2)透過定時換漿去除正極槽內酸化之水玻璃，可使水玻璃之聚合反應減緩，增加改良範圍；(3)灌入水玻璃後再灌入去離子水，堆積之鈣離子可由正極向負極移動，同時因負極形成之高鹼性環境而堆積。根據上述結果，灌漿組合搭配水玻璃定時換漿，再灌入去離子水，可使中間至負極區域平均強度提升1500%，靠近負極平均強度提升400%，最終可以達到全面強度改良。

The electroosmotic chemical treatment has been recently performed by injecting the KOH solution to neutralize the acidic condition after injecting CaCl2 solution at anode area. This could improve the efficiency of injecting W.G. solution in the next stage of treatment, causing the strength of treated soil increased from anode to middle area. However, the strength of middle to cathode area still remained weak. In order to improve it, this study attempt to (1) raising the concentration of CaCl2 solutions to raising amounts of Ca2+ ions and then transport it from anode to the cathode area in next stage of treatment, (2) replacing the acidified W.G. solutions with fresh W.G. solution in the anode compartment to decrease the rate of polymerization, and (3) continually injecting the deionized water to transport the Ca2+ ions from anode to cathode area, also, the high alkaline condition was gradually formed at cathode due to electrolysis and then make the Ca2+ ions accumulated therein. Results indicated that (1) injecting the raised concentration of CaCl2 solution and then injecting KOH solution for neutralization would form a lots of Ca(OH)2 at anode, causing the flow paths of chemical solutions blocked. (2) replacing acidified W.G. solution could raise the efficiency of injecting W.G. solution, thus, the improvement range extended, and (3) injecting the deionized water could transport remained Ca2+ ions from anode to cathode area, simultaneously, forming the highly alkaline condition, causing Ca2+ ions accumulated therein, which finally enhance the efficiency of pozzolanic reaction. Finally, using the previous combination of injecting chemical solutions, besides, replacing the acidified W.G. solution with fresh W.G. solution in the anode compartment per 24 hour, and then continually injecting deionized water, the strength increased 1500% between middle and cathode area and 400% at cathode area, achieving the full strength improvement.

中文摘要	I
Abstract　II
Acknowledgement	III
Table of contents　IV
List of contents　VIII
List of Figures	IX

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION　1
1 Background	1
2 Objectives	2
3 Thesis Structure　2

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW　3
1 Introduction　3
2 Electroosmotic Chemical Treatment　3
2.1 Principle	3
2.2 Electrokinetic Phenomenon	4
2.3 Electrochemical Effects　5
3 Soil Improvement Using Calcium Ions	6
3.1 Improvement Mechanism　6
3.2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Treated Soil　9
4 Soil Improvement Using Sodium Silicate (W.G.) solution　12
5 Using various combinations of injected chemical solutions in ECT　14
5.1 Injecting CaCl2 solution before W.G. solution.　14
5.2 pH neutralization of anode before injecting W.G solution.	19
5.3 The movement and accumulation of calcium ions during ECT　24
5.4 Acidification of W.G. solution in the anode compartment　26
6 Discussion of literature review　27

Chapter 3 EXPERIMENTAL METHDOLOGY　28
1 Introduction　28
2 Experimental plan　28
3 Experimental materials　34
3.1 Soil and water　34
3.2 Chemical Solutions　35
3.3 Filter paper　36
4 Experimental Apparatus　36
4.1 Design of ECT Test Cell　36
4.2 Cylinders and Piezometers	38
4.3 Loading system　42
4.4 Electrode	42
4.5 Power Supply　43
4.6 Monitoring System	44
5 ECT Test Procedure　45
5.1 Flowchart	45
5.2 Installation of ECT Cell	46
5.3 Sample Preparation　46
5.4 Consolidation　47
5.5 Installation of Cylinders, Monitoring System, and Power Supply　47
5.6 Injection of Chemical Solution　48
6 Laboratory Test of Treated Soil　48
6.1 Cone Penetration Test　48
6.2 Water Content Measurement	52
6.3 pH Measurement　53
6.4 XRD Analysis　55
6.5 ICP-AES Analysis　57

Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION　59
1 Series 1 : Effects of raising the Concentration of CaCl2 solution　59
1.1 CPT cone resistance　60
1.2 Inflow and drainage　61
1.3 Water content　62
1.4 pH measurement　63
1.5 Discussion　64
2 Series 2 : Effects of the pH neutralization after raising the concentration of CaCl2 solutions　65
2.1 pH neutralization at NA　66
2.2 CPT cone resistance of treated soil and Inflow of solutions　67
2.3 Water content　69
2.4 Discussion　70
3 Series 3 : Effects of injecting W.G. solution　72
3.1 Inflow and CPT cone resistance　72
3.2 Injected volume of W.G. solution with time　75
3.3 Water content　76
3.4 pH measurement　77
3.5 Discussion　78
4 Series 4 : Effects of replacing the acidified W.G. solution and extended duration　　82
4.1 Inflow and CPT cone resistance　83
4.2 Water content　88
4.3 pH measurement　90
4.4 ICP-AES results: change of Ca2+ ions concentration　91
4.5 XRD analysis　93
4.6 Discussion　97

Chapter 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS　100
1 Conclusion　100
2 Recommendations　101

References　104

 

 

                                

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