研究生: |
陳建元 Chien-Yuan Chen |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
雷射結構光三維量測系統之研製 Development of a Laser Structured Fringes 3D Profile Measurement System |
指導教授: |
修芳仲
Fang-Jung Shiou |
口試委員: |
陳品銓
Pin-Chuan Chen 謝宏麟 Hung-Lin Hsieh |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
工程學院 - 機械工程系 Department of Mechanical Engineering |
論文出版年: | 2015 |
畢業學年度: | 103 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 104 |
中文關鍵詞: | 雷射結構光 、CCD 相機 、三維量測 、CMM |
外文關鍵詞: | Laser structured fringes, CCD camera, 3D measurement, CMM |
相關次數: | 點閱:243 下載:7 |
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本研究旨在開發一套非接觸式雷射結構光三維檢測系統,透過雷射結構光、光學取像、機構、軟體與輸送帶五大模組的整合,量測系統具備三維量測之能力。本系統使用多條線雷射結構光作為主動式光源,此結構光源乃是雷射光經過一繞射片產生多條線的雷射條紋;雷射結構光投射在物體上會呈現多條曲線,利用CCD相機擷取影像,進行灰階轉換、二值化、細線化之影像處理後,利用本研究開發的程式系統可計算出像素偏移量並建構出待測物的三維模型。本研究主要在發展一快速、簡易的非接觸式量測系統,且機構具有架設快速的特點,未來將可應用在工廠即時檢測、快速的逆向工程量測。
本系統的實例應用,從一顆切半的乒乓球量測中,能夠呈現完整球形輪廓,並取局部資料計算最小平方球誤差約在0.3 mm以內。本研究也針對一四凸一凹自由曲面工件進行量測,其表面凹凸特徵均能完整計算並加以呈現。為了驗證系統之準確性,本研究使用三次元座標量測儀(CMM)量測乒乓球與四凸一凹加工件之形貌,並與光學系統比較量測結果,乒乓球真球度輪廓誤差約為0.0489 mm,四凸一凹加工件的輪廓誤差約為0.064 mm。本研究也進行多條紋結構光投影之動態量測測試,依據實驗結果,平台移動速度100 mm/s的輪廓量測誤差約為-0.224 mm。
This study aims to develop a prototype of a non-contact 3D measurement system using structured laser fringes projection method. The developed system mainly consists of five modules, namely, the laser structured fringes projection module, the image acquisition module, mechanism module, the software module, and the conveyer. The developed system is capable of measuring 3-D object profile. The system utilizes the laser structured fringes generated by a diffraction mask as active light source. The deformed fringes projected on the object were captured by a CCD camera. Some image processing, such as noise filtering, binarization, and thinning were executed. The workpiece profile were calculated by the developed software, based on the height vs. fringe-offset calibration results. The developed system can be applied to do the on-line measurement and the reverse engineering measurement.
In order to verify the accuracy of the developed system, a semi-sphere of a table tennis ball was put on the conveyer to do the measurement. After doing the image acquisition and image processing, the 3D profile of the object has been calculated. The least square sphereness error of the partial spherical surface was about 0.0489 mm compared with the measurement using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). A freeform surface part with four-convex-one-concave has also been tested. The measured result is quite consistent with the measurement using a CMM. The profile deviation was about 0.064 mm for the freeform surface part. The dynamic measurement tests have also been investigated for multi-fringes projection. The moving speed of 100 mm/s is achievable and the profile deviation was about -0.224 mm according to the test results.
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