論 文 摘 要
岩石開裂之基本受力行為以張力破壞及剪力破壞居多，惟現行岩石力學之研討主題，大多致力於量測巨觀行為，對岩石材料受力過程中所衍生之微觀裂縫演化機制，則甚少鑽研之。
有鑑於此，本研究以自行研發之斜向剪切儀模擬直接剪力破壞試驗，且結合兩種以上之非破壞檢測技術（nondestructive technique），並以石膏與石膏砂漿模擬類岩材料，研析岩石受剪應力作用下之微觀破壞機制，探尋岩石材料於剪力作用時之破壞行為與歷程關係。
於實驗室建構二維平面純剪問題為研究主題，藉由改變:（1）剪切角度；（2）預裂有無；（3）粒料有無等變數；採位移控制求得完整之加載歷程，並以非破壞之聲射（acoustic emission, AE）技術觀察微震裂源（microseismic locations），與電子斑紋干涉法（electronic speckle pattern interferometry, ESPI）相互比對，進行一系列之斜剪試驗。
從斜剪破壞過程之峰前行為得知，相同之材料隨著剪切角度愈大其尖峰剪應力越小，主要係對應之正向應力較小所致。其初始裂縫產生位置均為端點，初裂行為皆不受剪切角度改變之影響。
由加載歷程之峰後的裂衍路徑觀之，純石膏之巨觀裂縫為張力破壞，屬於斜張裂縫；石膏砂漿破壞型態屬於剪力破壞，兩者皆隨剪切角度θ越大，裂縫偏斜角隨之越小。
峰前微觀行為得知，沿剪切方向某長度位置有AE事件之發生，可初步斷定其初始微震裂源位於剪裂面之中央位置處，AE微裂之叢聚產生於中央剪裂區，其現象與裂縫延展趨勢頗為一致。
再從耦合聲光之非破壞檢測之互相比對得知，以聲射定位探求微震裂源叢聚之範圍，與光學結果比較，二者一致性頗佳。並經與文獻之數值分析比對，得到一致性之趨勢，可印証斜剪儀器之研製與相關探討之適確性。

ABSTRACT
Tension and shear failures are the major failure modes for rock fracture. Current research topics on rock mechanics focus mostly on the macro behavior, the behavior of microcracks evolution for rock during the loading process is rarely studied.
In view of this, a set of inclined shear test device was designed and built to couple the nondestructive technique of ESPI and AE during the shearing process. Gypsum and gypsum-sand mixture were used to prepare the specimens. The evolution of microcracks and the behavior of specimen under shearing were investigated.
This research focused on the problems of two dimensional shear tests. The following factors were studied: (1) shear angle, (2) with or without pre-cracks, (3) particle size. The complete loading curves were obtained by stroke-controlled loading process. The micro behavior of specimens was monitored by nondestructive technique of ESPI and AE.
From the results of inclined shear tests, the peak shear stresses decreased with increasing shear angle due to decrease of normal stresses. The cracks initiated from the boundaries of specimens and were not influenced by the variation of shear angle.
The macrocracks of the specimens were tension cracks for gypsum, and shear cracks for gypsum-sand mixture, the crack angles decreased with increasing shear angle. The initial position and localization of microcracks occurred at the central portion of specimen, which was consistent with the development of macrocracks.
By comparing the results of ESPI and AE, the distribution of microcracks by AE measurement was consistent with the results of ESPI. The correctness and suitability of the inclined shear test device was approved.

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