功率放大器之設計以及溫度對振盪器特性之影響｜國立臺灣科技大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	葉嘉閔 Chia-min Yeh
論文名稱：	功率放大器之設計以及溫度對振盪器特性之影響 Design of CMOS PA and Study the Temperature Effect on Oscillator's Performance
指導教授：	張勝良 Sheng-lyang Jang
口試委員:	莊敏宏 Min-horng Juang 陳凰美 Huang-mei Chen 徐敬文 Ching-wen Hsue 趙良君 Liang-chiun Chao
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電資學院 - 電子工程系 Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering
論文出版年：	2005
畢業學年度：	93
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	78
中文關鍵詞：	壓控振盪器、功率放大器
外文關鍵詞：	power amplifier, voltage-controlled oscillator
相關次數：	點閱：260 下載：0
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本論文描述一個操作於2.16GHz的功率放大器。功率放大器的製作是使用台灣積體電路公司的0.35um 2P4M CMOS製程。功率放大器的架構是一個兩級的電路，並採用self-biased的架構來減低崩潰電壓對電晶體的影響，偏壓點設計操作在class-AB。另外，本論文描述了溫度變化對於一注入鎖定式環形振盪器的影響，溫度變化範圍為25℃∼100℃。使用的模擬軟體為Cadence Spectre RF以及Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS)。

This thesis describes the design of a 2.16GHz CMOS power amplifier (PA). The PA circuit is fabricated by using TSMC 0.35um 2P4M CMOS technology. The framework of the PA is formed with a two-stage circuit, and use self-biased topology to reduce breakdown voltage effect on transistors. The PA operated in class-AB. The thesis also tells the effects of temperature on an injection-locked ring oscillator. The temperature variation range is 25℃~100℃. The simulation tool are Cadence Spectre RF and Agilent ADS.

Abstract (Chinese)..............................................................................................................i
Abstract (English)..............................................................................................................ii
Acknowledgement (Chinese)...........................................................................................iii
Contents	iv
List of Figures and Tables	vi
Chapter 1 Introduction	1
Chapter 2 CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillator	2
1 Oscillator Theory	2
2 Parameters of VCO	4
2.1 Center Frequency	4
2.2 Tuning Range	5
2.3 Tuning Linearity	6
2.4 Output Amplitude	6
2.5 Power Dissipation	7
2.6 Supply and Common-Mode Rejection	7
3 Phase Noise	7
4 LC Oscillators	11
4.1 Colpitts Oscillator	13
Chapter 3 Temperature on VCO	18
1 MOSFETs	18
1.1 Threshold Voltage	18
1.2 Average Effective Mobility	19
1.3 Zero-Temperature-Coefficient Bias Points	19
1.4 Leakage Currents	20
1.5 MOSFET High Temperature Small Signal Model	21
2 Injection-Locked Oscillator	22
3 Measurement Results	23
3.1 LC-VCO	23
3.2 Injection-Locked Ring Oscillator	24
Chapter 4 Microwave Amplifier Concept	32
1 S-Parameters	32
2 Power Gain Equations	34
3 Stability Considerations	36
Chapter 5 CMOS Power Amplifier Theory	41
1 Power Amplifier Introduction	41
2 Amplifier Parameter Definitions	43
2.1 Input and Output VSWR	43
2.2 Power Gain	44
2.3 Output Power	44
2.4 PAE	45
2.5 Intermodulation Distortion	45
3 Classification of PAs	49
3.1 Class A	49
3.2 Class B	51
3.3 Class AB	53
3.4 Class C	53
3.5 Class D	55
3.6 Class E	58
3.7 Class F	60
3.8 Summary of PAs Classification	61
4 Matching Networks Design	61
4.1 Lowpass Matching Networks	61
4.2 Transmission Line Matching	63
4.3 Shorting the Harmonics	64
5 Design of Power Amplifier	65
5.1 Self-Biased Cascode Topology	65
5.2 Decision of the Transistor’s Size of Power Stage	67
5.3 The Two Stage PA	68
5.4 Design of Matching Network	69
6 Simulation and Measurement Results of PA	71
Chapter 6 Conclusion	76
References	77

                                

[1] B. Razavi, RF Microelectronics, Prentice Hall PTR, 1998.
[2] B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, Mc Graw Hill, 2001.
[3] A. Hajimiri and T. H. Lee, The Design of Low Noise Oscillators, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.
[4] T. H. Lee, The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
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[7] F. H. Raab, P. Asbeck, S. Cripps, P. B. Kenington, Z. B. Popovic, N. Pothecary, J. F. Sevic, and N. O. Sokal, “Power Amplifiers and Transmitters for RF and Microwave,” Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions, vol. 50, Issue 3, pp. 814-826, Mar. 2002.
[8] H. L. Kraus, C. W. Bostian, and F. H. Raab, Solid State Radio Engineering, John Wiley, 1980.
[9] K. C. Tsai and P. R. Gray, “A 1.9GHz, 1W CMOS Class-E Power Amplifier for Wireless Communications,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 34, No. 7, Jul. 1999.
[10] S. C. Cripps, RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Artech House, 1999.

[11] T. Sowlati and D. M. W. Leenaerts, “A 2.4GHz 0.18um CMOS Self-Biased Cascode Power Amplifier,” Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of vol. 38, Issue 8, pp. 1318-1324, Aug. 2003.

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