本研究探討液滴揮發、潤濕與撞擊之動態行為。首先針對在液滴揮發程序中之三相線的移動行為與基材表面形貌/表面粗糙度對水滴撞擊動態行為之影響進行探討；發現基材表面形貌和粗糙度對動態/前進/後退接觸角影響甚巨；另外，在後退接觸角的量測時需透過謹慎的定義與量測，才能確保所測得的後退接觸角具有意義。其次本研究透過熔融金屬液滴在高溫下緩慢的揮發與潤濕現象，發現揮發過程中基材表面可能會因化學反應或擴散效應而產生變化，而致使三相線移動。此熔融金屬液滴的揮發與潤濕現象，不禁令人聯想：是否有類似現象發生在水滴撞擊固體基材的快速撞擊與潤濕之動態行為中(~ms)?
在液滴揮發與撞擊的程序中，三相線之pinned與free receding行為已吸引科學家們相當之矚目，而韋伯數、基材表面形貌、及基材特性與親疏水性為影響動態潤濕行為之主要變因。本研究針對水滴撞擊程序中基材表面形貌對動態潤濕行為之影響進行探討；在水滴撞擊具有不規則微米孔洞分佈的光滑基材時，發現一罕見的其中以液滴撞擊說明pinned 狀態。此外，透過在兩種疏水性基材上之水滴撞擊實驗，提出超疏水性free receding失效的可能原因，並探討其貫性壓力、水錘壓力和滲透時間在水滴撞擊程序中所扮演的腳色。最後本研究亦探討了水滴撞擊不同疏水性與粗糙度的基材時之氣泡捕捉行為。

In this work, the dynamics of evaporating, spreading and impacting droplets were studied in experiments at low and high temperatures. First, the correlations between dissimilar behaviors of the triple line during drop evaporative processes and unlike surface topographies were deeply analyzed and discussed. Dynamic, advancing and receding contact angles were found to be strongly affected by the substrate topography and roughness. This dependence brought out the imperative to carefully investigate and report the inner characteristics of the system to keep using concepts such as the receding contact angle as meaningful specifications of a given gas-liquid-solid system. Then, it was pointed out how modifications of the substrate may actually occur during the evaporative process itself. The triple line movements, in fact, may be influenced by surface alterations due to diffusion or chemical reactions taking place in the course of the measurements. Specifically, on this topic, the triple line dynamics of a molten metal drop spreading and evaporating at high temperature were illustrated. Afterward, we wondered if the triple line behaviors observed in evaporating drops could be noted also during highly dynamic processes and for short time scales. Pinned and free receding behaviors were indeed recorded for drops impacting and spreading on substrates characterized by peculiar topographies and hydrophobicities. So, the relations between the movements of the triple line and these specific surface morphologies were deeply investigated. The pinned state due to random dilute cavities in a generally smooth surface was described here for the first time in the case of impinging droplet experiments. Phenomenology and possible causes of the failure of the superhydrophobicity were exposed analyzing the impact behaviors of drops impinging on two highly hydrophobic surfaces. On this matter, a theoretical description of the experimental results was proposed, revealing the essential roles played by dynamic pressure, hammer pressure and liquid penetration time. Finally, the influence of hydrophobicity and roughness of the solid substrates on the occurrence and formation mechanisms of bubbles entrapped into impacting water drops were studied.

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Chapter 10
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