隨著經濟與科技的快速發展，缺電成為了世界各國亟需解決的難題。石化資源不斷耗損，環境汙染、極端氣候的狀況亦愈發嚴重，尋找潔淨、環保的替代能源成為近年各國能源安全政策的核心目標之一，國際組織亦將可再生能源列入科技政策的核心。在眾多可再生能源類型中，風能因相對穩定、可靠且較容易被轉換利用，為各國企業所重視，成為技術研發與商業投資的重心，風電技術也在過去半世紀內逐步從陸域風電進展到離岸風電，並成為能源產業中的熱門技術領域。因此，本研究蒐集離岸風力機系統技術相關專利共4,459筆，以主路徑分析方法找出離岸風電的知識網絡結構、技術發展脈絡與領域發展的現況；以集群分析方法探討細部技術集群的數量、知識交流與發展狀況；最後透過中介角色分析探討跨國與跨機構類型網絡的特徵，尋找關鍵知識傳播者與其角色定位，進而驗證中介角色與競爭優勢之間是否存在關聯。
研究結果顯示，首先，離岸風力機系統知識發展的關鍵路徑由美國、丹麥、德國、西班牙與日本所主導；整體而言，離岸風力機系統技術從基礎部件類技術，歷經變速系統、能源轉換率最佳化的階段，至近期發展包含浮體、浮空式離岸風電與氫能等新興技術，逐步實現離岸風電技術與產業的再創新。第二，從技術層面觀察，可發現離岸風力機系統領域涵蓋發電機、控制系統、能源與結構安裝四大類技術，不同類技術間的互動模式與密度主要取決於風機物理結構上的關聯。第三，跨國知識交流網絡中，美國企業（GE、Google、Exxon等）多為促進國內知識交流的角色，歐洲以及亞洲企業（Siemens Gamesa、Vestas、Enercon、Mitsubishi MHI、Samsung、Hitachi等）則更常擔任跨國知識橋梁；而在跨機構類型網絡中，產業內部的資訊交流多由企業主導，學研單位則負責促動產官學三方的互動，構成資源與知識的共享網絡，以更好地推動離岸風力機技術以及產業的發展。

With the rapid development of economy and technology, the lack of electricity has become an urgent problem for all countries in the world to solve. With the continuous depletion of petrochemical resources, environmental pollution and extreme climate conditions becoming more and more serious, the search for clean, environmentally friendly alternative energy sources has become one of the core objectives of national energy security policies in recent years, and international organizations have included renewable energy in the core of their technology policies. Among the many types of renewable energy, wind energy is relatively stable, reliable, and easy to be converted and utilized, so it has become the focus of technology research and development and commercial investment in various countries. Therefore, this study collects 4,459 patents related to offshore wind turbine system technology, and uses the main path analysis method to find out the knowledge network structure, technology development pattern, and the current status of the field development of offshore wind power; uses the cluster analysis method to explore the number, knowledge exchange, and development status of small technology clusters; finally, uses the intermediary role analysis to explore the characteristics of cross-national and cross-institutional type networks, and searches for key knowledge disseminators and their roles. Finally, we explore the characteristics of cross-national and cross-institutional networks through intermediary role analysis to find out the key knowledge disseminators and their role positioning, and then verify whether there is a relationship between intermediary role and competitive advantage.
The research results show that the key paths of offshore wind turbine system knowledge development are led by the United States, Denmark, Germany, Spain, and Japan. Overall, offshore wind turbine system technology has gone from basic component-based technology, through the stages of variable speed system and energy conversion rate optimization, to the recent development of emerging technologies including floating body, floating offshore wind power, and hydrogen energy, gradually realizing the re-innovation of offshore wind power technology and industry. From the technical level, it can be found that the offshore wind turbine system covers four major types of technologies: generator, control system, energy and structural installation. The interaction pattern and density between different types of technologies mainly depends on the physical structure of the wind turbine. In cross-national knowledge exchange networks, U.S. companies (GE, Google, Exxon, etc.) mostly promote the role of domestic knowledge exchange, while European and Asian companies (Siemens Gamesa, Vestas, Enercon, Mitsubishi MHI, Samsung, Hitachi, etc.) more often act as cross-national knowledge bridges; and in cross In the cross-institutional network, the information exchange within the industry is mostly led by enterprises, while the academic and research units are responsible for promoting the interaction between industry, government, and academia to form a network for sharing resources and knowledge to better promote the development of offshore wind turbine technology and industry.

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