In this work we propose a novel converged optical access network system for servicing various applications in smart buildings and cities. Our objective is to provide reliable transmission for internet data, energy-management, and other internet-of-things (IoT) data within smart cities. The network convergence shares equipment by transmitting the non-internet (overlay service) data bi-directionally over the fault monitoring channel in the passive optical network systems. The convergence is carried out by a novel multifunction and low-cost fault-monitoring scheme in passive optical network systems. It enables the monitoring of the occurrence of damages, identifying the status of optical networking units (ONUs), localizing damaged fibers, and transferring smart meter and IoT data over the fault-monitoring channel. The use of a simple tone detection technique can help in recognition of a fiber break among distribution fibers. Furthermore, it activates the smart meter data transmission. We demonstrate the transmission of smart metering and IoT data over the fault-monitoring channel with a 100Mbps data rate experimentally. Results indicates that both the added tone detection and upstream smart meter data transmission have a relatively large loss budget and are not affecting the original internet data transmission of the optical access networks.
In order to improve the energy efficiency of optical transceivers for overlay services and to enhance channel fault monitoring, we propose a sleep mode operation using an Interleaved Polling with Adaptive Cycle Time (IPACT) mechanism. By scheduling the traffic of optical time-domain reflector (OTDR) monitoring which occupies a large portion of the cycle time, the ONUs will enter into a sleep mode during OTDR monitoring.
Two types of operation cycles are implemented to accommodate the OTDR sweeping and bi-directional transmission of overlay data over the fault monitoring channel. Type-1 cycles contain OTDR traces and data transmission, whileType-2 cycles contain data transmission only. GPON and Ethernet frame format have been implemented at 100Mbps data rate for the overlay services. For the GPON scenario, the energy savings of up to 80% can be achieved for each ONU. This scheme can supports >〖10〗^5smart meters for each ONU.
By scheduling the traffic of OTDR monitoring in the Ethernet scenario, up to 80% energy savings can be achieved for Type-1 cycles. The system of 64 ONUs can serve about 104 IoT devices or 106 smart meters per optical network unit (ONU) per day with 100Mbps transceiver data rate. The number of device served can be easily scaled by raising the transceiver data rate.

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