利用感測器與LEDs的最佳篩選方法重建自然光｜國立臺灣科技大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	吳錦銓 Chin-chuan Wu
論文名稱：	利用感測器與LEDs的最佳篩選方法重建自然光 Optimal selection of sensors and LEDs for daylight reconstruction
指導教授：	胡能忠 Neng-Chung Hu
口試委員:	孫慶成 Ching-Cherng Sun 黃忠偉 Jong-woei　Whang
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	電資學院 - 電子工程系 Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	82
中文關鍵詞：	日光、日光光譜、最佳感測器組合、LED 、動態日光照明燈
外文關鍵詞：	optimal sensor sets, daylight spectrum, daylight, LED, dynamic daylight illuminant
相關次數：	點閱：254 下載：8
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本文提供了利用平均日光Eav(λ)及Eav(λ)與量測出的416筆日光光譜之間的差異值來篩選出最佳感測器來重建日光光譜並選出最佳LEDs 來建構一個動態日光照明燈的方法，在篩選最佳感測器之中是由市售的30個感測器之中挑選出最佳的6個感測器來重建日光譜，利用本文所偍供的平均日光之係數誤差及日光光譜誤差平均值來篩選出最佳的6個感測器，其計算量由全搜尋的 *416=247010400減為43693，兩者相差了5652倍，所以由此方法快速的篩選出最佳的感測器。而日光重建的方法更可以用於物件表面或人臉反射係數之多頻譜再現。
而篩選最佳的LEDs來建構一個動態日光光譜光源之中是由平均日光光譜Eav(λ)先找出12個LEDs，再利用SRSE與AC/DC能量比兩個評估指數或刪除法作挑選LED 組合的依據，由最小的兩個評估指數找出最適合的LED來建構日光光源。將LEDs由12個刪至6個且重建日光的演色指數CRI>90的最佳經濟效果，在利用選出的6個LEDs為依據，選購LEDs並將這6個LEDs打在同一個導線架上，搭配微處理器產生脈波寬度調變PWM製作動態日光照明燈。
關鍵字: 日光，日光光譜，最佳感測器組合，LED，動態日光照明燈

The dissertation provides selection optimal sensors to reconstruct Daylight spectrum and optimal LEDs to create a dynamic daylight illuminant from average measurement 416 daylight spectra and difference between average daylight spectrum and daylight spectrum. In the selection optimal sensors, it selects 6 optimal sensors from 30 commercial sensors to reconstruct daylight spectrum. Using average daylight coefficient error and averaged daylight spectrum error selects 6 optimal sensors. The reduced computing from full search *416=247010400 to 43693 is difference 5652 times. The method will be faster to find optimal sensors than full search. Selecting optimal sensors recovery daylight method can be applied to signal reproduction such as surface or human face reflectance reconstruction in multispectral imaging.
In selection optimal LEDs to create dynamic daylight illuminant finds 12 LEDs from average daylight spectrum, and uses the two indexes SRSE and AC/DC energy ratio or pruning process to select optimal LEDs. The most economic effect result only needs 6 LEDs and the color rendering index (CRI) of reconstructed daylight source >90. Using the 6 optimal LEDs buys commercial LEDs holding in a leadframe and micro process products pulse width modulation (PWM) to create dynamic daylight illuminant.
Keyword: daylight, daylight spectrum, optimal sensor sets, LED, dynamic daylight illuminant

Contents
Contents………..……………………….……………….…………..…..Ⅰ
Figure index…………….……………………………………….......…..II
Table index……..……………………………………………….…..…..Ⅳ
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1	Background..………………………………………….…..…..…1
1.2	Objectives.……………………………………………....………3
Chapter 2 Daylight characteristics
2.1 Daylight spectrum………………………….…………………..9
    2.2 Daylight colors………………………………….………….….11
    2.3 Color temperature…………………………….......………...….19
    2.4 Color rendering………………………………….....……….….23
Chapter 3 Optimal sensors and LEDs reconstruct Daylight
    3.1 Optimal Selection of Commercial Sensors for Linear model representation of Daylight Spectra……………….......………..30
    3.2 Daylight Spectral Illuminant by Optimal LEDs….....................38
Chapter 4 Simulations
    4.1 Optimal Selection of Commercial Sensors for Linear model representation of Daylight Spectra…………….......................43
    4.2 Optimal Sensors Application in Discrimination Between Real and Synthetic Human Faces Using Reflectance Function of Skin……………………………………………………………57
    4.3 Daylight Spectral Illuminant by Optimal LEDs……………….59
    4-4 Optimal LEDs Application in Real dynamic daylight illuminant……………………………………………………..66
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Work In The Future…………………………69
Reference………………………………………………………………..71


Figure indexes
Figure 2.1 Relative radiant power distribution of 10 different phases of daylight...……………………………………………………………..…10

Figure 2.2 The colors of the visible light spectrum……………………..11
Figure 2.3 The CIE of three color-matching functions  ,   , and ....................................................................................................14
Figure 2.4 The CIE 1931 color space chromaticity diagram....................16
Figure 2.5 Uniform color space CIEuv…………………………………17
Figure 2.6 The color temperature in CIE 1931 color space chromaticity diagram ………………………………………………………………....19
Figure 2.7 Computation of the CCT Tc corresponding to the chromaticity coordinate (uT,vT) in the CIE 1960 UCS…………………………...……20
Figure 2.8 Test color samples…………………………………………...27

Figure 2.9 Macbeth color chart………………………………………....27

Figure 4.1 Aerage daylight spectrum of the 416 measurement daylight spectra.…………………………………………………………………..42

Figure 4.2 Six basis functions for daylight recovery.………………...…44

Figure 4.3 Three SPDs of dawn, noon, dusk not in the training set are reconstructed by the 6 basis functions.………………………………....45

Figure 4.4 The histogram of   for 5005 sensor sets obtained by selecting 6 sensors from 15 proper sensors.……………………………48

Figure 4.5 Six spectral responsivity functions of the best 6-sensor set No. 25.……………………………………………………………………....52
Figure 4.6 Spectral error of the top 1000 sensor combinations chosen from a full search method.………………………………………...……53

Figure 4.7 (a) reflectance basis 1of human face skin………………..…57

Figure 4.7 (b) reflectance basis 2of human face skin………………..…58

Figure 4.7 (c) reflectance basis 3of human face skin………………..…58

Figure 4.8 Average daylight recovery spectrum by optimal sensor set.………………………………………………………………………59
Figure 4.9 Ten peaks of   selected……………………………….…60
Figure 4.10 Linearly combined spectrum of the10 LEDs in figure 4.8 with unity coefficients. Two LEDs whose peak wavelengths are 505nm and 615nm are added to form a 12-LED set with less SRSE value.……………………………………………………………….…..61
Figure 4.11   and its Synthesized waveforms by the 12-LED set with GFC=0.999858 and synthesis error=0.016590.      and its Synthesized waveforms by the 12-LED set with GFC=0.99925 and synthesis error=0.036590…………………………………………………….……62

Figure 4.12 6commercial LEDs hold in a leadframe……………………67

Figure 4.13 Micro process 8051 products PWM to control LED………67

Figure 4.14 Structure of dynamic daylight illuminant by 6 LEDs...……67

Figure 4.15 Daylight illuminant (a)Dawn (less yellowish)  (b) Golden light (yellowish)   (c) Noon   (d) Candle light (reddish)  (e) Dusk (less reddish)…………………………………………………………….68

Table indexes
Table 2.1 Daylight intensity in different conditions…………………...…8
Table 2.2 CCT parameter value ………………………………………...22
Table 4.1 The daylight recovery metrics of different daylight spectra.……………………………………………………………...…...46

Table 4.2 The best 10 sensor sets selected according to   or   from 93 candidates. The rankings of the 10 sets are unchanged by using either  or  ……………………………………………………………………..50

Table 4.3 The metrics of the 10 best sensor sets with 6 sensors, where S.D denotes the standard deviation. The rightmost two columns are the recovery metrics for the spectra not in the training sets.……….………51

Table 4.4 The top 10 sensor sets obtained by a full search method…………………………………………………………………..54

Table 4.5 The top 10 sensor sets obtained by the proposed method……54

Table 4.6 Recovery metrics and sensor numbers of optimal 3- to 6- sensor sets. These are obtained by the same number of sensors and basis functions. ………………………………………………………………55

Table 4.7 Recovery metrics and sensor numbers of optimal 3- to 6- sensor sets. These are obtained by 61 basis functions. As a result, a set of more sensors can be obtained by a set of few sensors.……….…………….…56

Table 4.8 10 LEDs selected according to the peaks of average recovery daylight in figure 4.8 and two more LEDs added to form a 12-LED set with less SRSE value.…………………………………………..……....61
Table 4.9 The synthesis metrics for synthesizing   in each pruning process from 12 LEDs to 6 LEDs. The pruning process is terminated if the GFC is less than 0.995.…………………………………………….62

Table 4.10 Synthesis metrics for the 416 daylight spectra synthesized by the 6-LED set selected according to Table 4.8.………………………...65

Table4.11 Top 10 6-LED set combinations selected from 12 LEDs with small SRSE values and their associated AC/DC energy ratios.……………………………………………………………….…..65

Table 4.12 Irradiance, CRI, and CT of five illumination in the dynamic daylight illuminant……….…………………………………………….68

                                

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