本篇論文致力於研究功率分配式與分波多工式被動光網路之即時監控技術。針對樹狀結構的功率分配式被動光網路我們提出兩種即時監控技術：第一種利用光纖布拉格光柵與遠端泵激式摻鉺光纖放大器，達到即時監測網路存活目的，並同時提供光信號18 dB的額外增益。第二種在用戶端前設置光纖布拉格光柵，將光時域反射儀之監測訊號反射回局端，作為各路光纖的存活回覆訊號，這些回覆訊號回到局端後之訊雜比仍有6 dB以上。
對於分波多工式的被動光網路，我們首先提出陣列波導光柵式被動光網路的基本監控模型，此監測架構中的1310/1550 分波多工耦合器會對傳輸信號造成額外1 dB損耗，而用戶端所接收之光信號旁模抑制比在40 dB以上，在2.5 Gb/s的誤碼率測試實驗中，監測同時僅造成系統額外的功率償付值0.3 dB。接著提出三種使用光切換器及波長解多工器的監控架構，根據光切換器的工作情形，可將監控架構分類成掃描式(時間切割式)以及非掃描式兩種，而其中的兩個時間切割式的監控架構，分別可應用於一般型的分波多工被動光網路以及陣列波導光柵型的被動光網路，它們對光信號造成的額外損耗分別有13 dB與7 dB，經2.5 Gb/s的誤碼率測試，得知監測同時對系統造成額外的功率償付值分別為0.4 dB與0.2 dB，幾乎沒有劣化傳輸品質。
非掃描式光切換器監控技術可適用於任何型式的分波多工被動光網路，此監測架構對光信號造成的額外損耗為10 dB，關鍵技術是利用光纖斷面對光信號造成的4%反射量，促使局端接收到的反射光功率上升了5 dB，據此即可準確地判斷故障發生於哪一分支，接著再啟動光時域反射儀至該分支作斷點偵測，可有效地節約電源與延長光時域反射儀的使用壽命。

In this thesis, we concentrate on various types of real-time monitoring technologies for power-splitting passive optical networks (PSPONs) and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM-PONs). We propose and demonstrate two different kinds of monitoring schemes for PSPON in tree-topology structure.
Firstly, we achieve real-time fault monitoring by using fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) and Erbium-doped-fiber- amplifier (EDFA) with remote pumping which provides 18 dB net-gain at -10 dBm input signal. Secondly, we set FBGs in front of optical-network-units (ONUs) to reflect the optical pulse emitting from optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR). Then these reflections will be regarded as survival signals in central office, and they still have 6 dB signal-to-noise floor-ratio. For WDM-PON issue, we design a basic monitoring model for AWG based PON firstly. This model causes 1 dB extra loss due to insert a 1310/1550 WDM coupler to signals. The side-mode-suppress-ratio (SMSR) of signals at ONU is above 40 dB. In the experiment of 2.5 Gb/s bit-error-rate (BER) testing, power penalty is only 0.3 dB.
Secondly, we propose three monitoring technologies based on optical switch (OSW) and WDM de-multiplexer. We can divide these technologies into time-sweeping mode and non-time-sweeping mode. The first scheme of time-sweeping mode can apply to any type of WDM-PONs. It causes 13 dB extra loss to signals and induces extra power penalty of 0.4 dB. The second scheme of time-sweeping mode is suitable AWG based PON only. It causes 7 dB extra loss to signals but just induces extra power penalty of 0.2 dB. Both of them have negligible deterioration to communication quality. Finally, we propose a non-time-sweeping mode monitoring scheme. Such scheme can apply to any type of WDM-PON. Although it might causes 10 dB extra loss to signals, it could increase the received power as much as 5 dB by utilizing 4% reflections at fiber broken interface. Thus, we could make sure which branch is broken. Then the OTDR is employed to trace the possible fault point. So, it could save energy and extend life of OTDR accordingly.

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