本論文探討智慧電網的分散式需求響應問題，而需求響應的目標是達到電力供需平衡，其中考慮到一電力公司同時服務大量的使用者，且使用者配備著再生能源。在現存的需求響應方法中，每個使用者通常需要和電力公司互相通訊，進行交換訊息，而在此篇論文中，我們假設每個使用者僅需和各別的鄰居做訊息的交換，以設計低複雜度的無線通訊網路下實現的全分散式性需求響應演算法。未達此目的，本篇論文題出基於隨機交替方向乘子法（randomized Alternating Direction Multipliers Method, ADMM）的分佈式需求響應演算法。此方法不僅能以較快地速度內達到一定的電力平衡效能，更是只需各別用戶與鄰居進行訊息交換即可達到預期的目標。此外，此篇論文所提出的方法不需要各個用戶之間緊密同步並且允許通訊錯誤的發生。為了實現需求響應的實時（real-time）控制，我們更將提出的需求響應方法結合模型預測控制方法（Model Predictive Control Method, MPC），使用滾動視窗（rolling window）的方式搭配簡單的負載、再生能源預測方法執行實時控制。而模擬結果證明了我們提出得演算法能夠達到足夠好的電力供需平衡，並優於現存的全分散式演算法。

In this thesis, we consider the distributed demand response (DDR) problem
for achieving the real-time power balance in a neighborhood with a large
number of load customers and renewable energy sources (RES). While most
of the existing DDR schemes require iterative information exchange between
the customers and the utility through two-way communications, this thesis
studies the DDR schemes that rely on neighbor-wise communication between
customers only. Such DDR schemes can be realized by low-cost wireless
networks. To this end, we propose the use of a randomized alternating direction
method of multipliers (ADMM), to develop a fully distributed DR
algorithm. Notably, the proposed DDR algorithm is communication-e cient
because it can yield promising power balance performance using a few times
of neighbor-wise message exchanges. Moreover, the proposed DDR algorithm
does not need synchronization between customers and is robust against random
communication errors. For performing online DR control, we combine
the proposed DDR algorithm with the rolling-window based model predictive
control method and simple load and RES forecasting methods. By using real
solar power data, we demonstrate via simulations that the proposed DDR algorithm
improves the real-time power balance signi cantly and outperforms
the existing DDR schemes that use the subgradient method for optimization.

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