國內感電重大職業災害僅次於墜落，多年來一直高居全產業重大職業災害之第二位，佔所職業災害的14.6%。而在1996年至2002年之間國內全產業共發生了423件感電重大職業災害，其中屬於營造業的就有255件(60.2%)，由此可以看出營造業在感電重大職業災害所佔比例甚高。
本研究針對營造業工作場所1996年至2002年七年內之255件營造業感電重大職業災害件進行分析，將每件個案整理出性別、年齡、公司雇用人數、工作經驗、作業別、媒介物、發生原因、危害類型，並利用Cramer’s V統計量來找出影響因素間的相關性，再進一步以Phi係數找出各種不同因素間各水準的關連性，以探討造成發生感電災害的各項影響因素，進而找出預防對策與措施。
依分析得知主要的罹災者以男性居多(254,99.6%)、年齡小於34歲(148,58.0%)、罹災者多數受雇於人數少於30人的小公司(226,88.6%)、工作經少於1年(182,71.4%)。在感電職災的危害類型的部份，將255件個案依Casini (1993)的分類法歸為6種類型。分別是勞工直接碰觸高壓電線(41, 16.1%)、車輛碰觸高壓電線(36, 14.1%)、傳導性工具碰觸高壓電線(19, 7.5%)、碰觸帶電之設備(53, 20.8%)、碰觸漏電或故障、損壞之設備(101, 39.6%)以及其他情形(5, 2.0%)
而研究分析得知與勞工直接碰觸高壓電線相關的發生原因為未完成斷電程序、未使用適當防護具與防護裝備、未保持安全距離、不安全的作業行為、未完成接地；與車輛碰觸高壓電線相關的發生原因為未保持安全距離、不安全的作業行為；與傳導性工具碰觸高壓電線相關的發生原因為未保持安全距離；與碰觸帶電之設備相關的發生原因為未完成斷電程序、未使用適當防護具與防護裝備、碰觸帶電的設備；與碰觸漏電或故障、損壞之設備相關的發生原因為不安全的作業行為、碰觸帶電的設備、缺乏安全裝置、不安全的環境。

關鍵詞：營造業、重大職災、營造業人因工程、危害類型

Abstract
Electrical fatality accounted for 14.6% of all fatal accidents and was the second leading cause of occupational fatality in Taiwan following the falling fatalities. Based on our study of 423 electrical fatalities from the years 1996 to 2002, construction industry had 255 fatal electrocutions and accounted for 60% of the total number of electrical fatalities. Other than fatal falls, electrical fatality is another leading cause of occupational fatality in the construction industry. The current study analyzed these 255 electrical fatalities of construction industry. Similar to our previous analysis of fatal falls, each electrical fatality was analyzed in terms of individual factors (age, gender, experience of the victim), task factors (performing tasks), environmental factors (wet area and confined space), management factors (company size measured by number of workers), source of injury, and causes for these accidents.
These electrocution accidents were divided into five accident patterns: (1) direct workers contact with an energized power line (41 cases, 16.1%), (2) boomed vehicle contact with an energized power line (36 cases, 14.1%), (3) conductive equipment contact with an energized power line (19 cases, 7.5%), (4) direct workers contact with an energized equipment (53 cases, 20.8%), (5) improperly installed or damaged equipment (101 cases, 39.6%), and other unclassified (5 cases, 2.0%) to identify contributing factors for each.
Contributing factors and prevention measures for each accident patterns were derived based on the association between contributing factors and accident patterns. The result from the analysis could lead to more effective safety training, protective equipment and devices, and compliance with established procedures

Keywords: Building and Construction, Electrical Fatality, Construction ergonomics, Accident Pattern

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