隨著分散式能源在電網中的使用率不斷增加，換流器做為再生能源與電網之間的能量轉換橋梁，用來將直流電源轉化為交流電並饋入電網。輸出端依據併網規範使用LCL型濾波器濾除開關切換頻率產生出的諧波，並分析主動阻尼對諧振尖峰產生的影響，為了因應發電設備需要調節輸出功率跟隨負載變化而變化，因此本文探討以虛擬同步發電機控制為主軸，控制共同耦合點的功率，使輸出特性更接近同步發電機，分析電網電壓頻率和有效值的調節原理，給出其參數設計和具體實現方法，能在獨立供電模式及市電併網模式下皆保留雙環控制，避免控制法的切換，最終參與電網電壓頻率和有效值的調節，從而支撐電網的穩定性。最後透過電路模擬軟體PSIM驗證控制法及電路參數，基於模擬結果，實體電路以數位訊號處理器TMS320F28035作為控制核心，經過測試及驗證後，建構出輸入直流電壓400 V，輸出交流電壓230 V，額定功率3.3 kW具虛擬同步發電機控制之單相併網型換流器。

The output of the inverter uses an LCL-type filter to filter the harmonic waves generated by the switching frequency according to the grid-connected specification, and analyzes the effect of active damping on the harmonic spikes. In order to regulate the output power to follow the load changes in response to the needs of the generating equipment, this paper explores the use of virtual synchronous generator control as the main axis to control the power of the common coupling point, so as to bring the output characteristics closer to those of a synchronous generator. This paper analyzes the principle of voltage frequency and RMS value regulation, gives its parameter design and specific implementation methods, and retains the double-loop control in both the independent power supply mode and the grid-connected mode, avoiding the switching of the control method, and ultimately participates in the regulation of voltage frequency and RMS value of the grid, so as to support the stability of the power grid. Based on the simulation results, a digital signal processor is used as the control core of the physical circuit to construct a single-phase grid-connected inverter with input DC voltage of 400 V, output AC voltage of 230 V, and rated power of 3.3 kW with virtual synchronous generator control.

[1]J. Kim, J. M. Guerrero, P. Rodriguez, R. Teodorescu and K. Nam, “Mode Adaptive Droop Control with Virtual Output Impedances for an Inverter-Based Flexible AC Microgrid,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 689-701, March 2011.
[2]O. V. Kulkarni, S. Doolla and B. G. Fernandes, “Compensator-less Structures for Droop Control of Single Phase Inverters in a Flexible Microgrid,” 2016 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Long Beach, CA, USA, 2016, pp. 2245-2251
[3]A. Bendib, A. Kherbachi, K. Kara and A. Chouder, “Droop Controller Based Primary Control Scheme for Parallel-connected Single-phase Inverters in Islanded AC Microgrid,” 2017 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering - Boumerdes (ICEE-B), Boumerdes, Algeria, 2017, pp. 1-6.
[4]Z. Zhang, J. Wu, Z. Zhu and Z. Zhang, “Analysis and Design of a Modified Virtual Synchronous Generator Control Strategy for Single-phase Inverter Application,” 2020 23rd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Hamamatsu, Japan, 2020, pp. 432-427.
[5]K. Nishikawa, K. Kusaka and J. -i. Itoh, “Uninterrupted Switching Based on VSG Control between Grid-connected and Stand-alone Operation of Single-Phase Grid-Tied Inverter,” 2022 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Himeji 2022- ECCE Asia), Himeji, Japan, 2022, pp. 115-121.
[6]J. Sedo and S. Kascak, “Control of Single-phase Grid Connected Inverter System,” 2016 ELEKTRO, Strbske Pleso, Slovakia, 2016, pp. 207-212.
[7]Y. Chen, R. Hesse, D. Turschner and H. -P. Beck, “Improving the Grid Power Quality Using Virtual Synchronous Machines,” 2011 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, Malaga, Spain, 2011, pp. 1-6.
[8]Y. Jing, H. Qi, W. Hou, T. Wang, N. Feng and Y. Feng, “Small-Signal Stability Analysis for Grid-Connected VSG with Lyapunov's Second Method,” 2023 Panda Forum on Power and Energy (PandaFPE), Chengdu, China, 2023, pp. 1382-1387.
[9]Mohan, Undeland, Robbins，電力電子學，江炫章譯，第三版，全華圖書股份有限公司，2016年，第8-2~8-19頁。
[10]楊俊彥，微電網內虛擬同步發電機之設計與實現，國立成功大學電機工程學系研究所碩士論文，2017年。
[11]陳奕誠，應用於傳輸線阻抗不確定性之單相換流器並聯系統雙層迴路分流控，國立交通大學電控工程研究所碩士論文，2019年。
[12]阮新波，LCL型併網換流器的控制技術，第一版，科學出版社，2015年，第60~71頁。
[13]核能安全委員會研究計畫成果，分散型區域能源之調度能力與模型研究，2018年，https://www.nusc.gov.tw/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E5%85%AC%E9%96%8B/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB%E6%88%90%E6%9E%9C/107%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6--219_314_4386.html。
[14]臺灣能源期刊第7卷第4期，國際獨立型電力系統調頻備轉技術規範之現況與未來發展，2020年https://km.twenergy.org.tw/Publication/thesis_more?id=266。
[15]台灣電力股份有限公司電力調度要點，2012年，https://www.taipower.com.tw/tc/page.aspx?mid=5570。
[16]台電綜合研究所，第130期，2023年，https://service.taipower.com.tw/TPRI/media/wdfl5fwn/prn130.pdf?mediaDL=true。
[17]P. Tian, Z. Li and Z. Hao, “Improved Controller of LCL-Type Grid-Connected Inverter System Based on Active-Damping,” 2018 10th International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control (ICMIC), Guiyang, China, 2018, pp. 1-6.
[18]B. Pal, P. K. Sahu and S. Mohapatra, “A Review on Feedback Current Control Techniques of Grid-connected PV Inverter System with LCL Filter,” 2018 Technologies for Smart-City Energy Security and Power (ICSESP), Bhubaneswar, India, 2018, pp. 1-6.
[19]L. He et al., “A Flexible Power Control Strategy for Hybrid AC/DC Zones of Shipboard Power System With Distributed Energy Storages,” in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 5496-5508, Dec. 2018.
[20]“IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces,” in IEEE Std 1547-2018 (Revision of IEEE Std 1547-2003) , vol., no., pp.1-138, 6 April 2018.