本文計算同一筆負載資料的六種功率因數值，以探討負載特性對功率因數計算值差異的影響，進而藉由此差異性反映不良電力品質的負載特性。所討論的六種功率因數定義中，三種定義取自IEEE標準1459-2000，另三種定義僅考慮基本波成分。本文首先模擬諧波污染、負載不平衡與負載變動等負載特性對功率因數值的影響，進而以鐵路、捷運、鋼鐵、電機、化工、商業及機關等七種業別各一家代表性的用戶負載實測資料加以說明。另針對電氣化軌道負載常見的三相變二相之V-V接線、Scott接線及Le Blanc接線變壓器，探討其負載特性對於三相電源側功率因數值的影響。最後還探討適於長期監測負載特性的資料壓縮技術，利用小波轉換配合三種編碼方式進行資料壓縮，並比較壓縮資料重建後於電力量計算的正確性，結果顯示正規化嵌入式零樹小波編碼有較佳的資料壓縮效果。若電業採用較能反映負載特性的功率因數定義式及合理的賞罰標準，將能正向促使用戶注意與改善其電力品質問題。

This thesis presents a study on calculation and comparison of six power factor values by using a set of load data. It is intended to investigate the differences and effects of load characteristics on power factor values, and consequently to use this deviations to reflect the load characteristics of the inferior power quality. Within the six power factor value definitions discussed, three employing the IEEE Standard 1459-2000, and the rests are based only on fundamental components. First, the impacts of load characteristics to the power factor values are simulated based on the effects of harmonic distortion, load unbalance, and the load fluctuation. Then, the field measurement results of each representing user from the selected seven fields, such as railway, MRT, electric arc furnace, electrical and electronic plant, chemical plant, business building, and government office are examined. Additionally, the loading characteristics and power factor values of V-V, Scott, and Le Blanc connected transformers are also illustrated. At last, the examination also includes the searching of more sensible data compression techniques for the long-term monitoring of the load characteristics. Adopting the wavelet transform in conjunction with three coding methods to proceed the data compression, and then comparing the accuracy of power quantity calculation by using the reconstructed data. The comparison result reveals that the normalized embedded zero-tree wavelet coding has better performances on data compression. In order to benefit from a better power quality environment, a proper power factor definition and a more reasonable standard need to be used to truly reflect the loading characteristics of the power factor values.

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