以無跡型卡爾曼濾波器為基礎實現鋰離子電池充電狀態及溫度之即時估測

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研究生：	李根 Gen Li
論文名稱：	以無跡型卡爾曼濾波器為基礎實現鋰離子電池充電狀態及溫度之即時估測 UKF-based Real-Time Estimation of the Lithium-ion Battery State of Charge and Temperature
指導教授：	姜嘉瑞 Chia-Jui Chiang
口試委員:	蔡大翔 Da-Hsiang Tsai 楊景龍 Jing-long Long
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 機械工程系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年：	2017
畢業學年度：	105
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	112
中文關鍵詞：	鋰離子電池、即時估測、無跡型卡爾曼濾波器、等效電路模型、熱效應模型
外文關鍵詞：	Lithium-ion battery, Real-time estimation, UKF, Equivalent circuit model, Thermal dynamic model
相關次數：	點閱：420 下載：3
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本論文以鋰離子電池之等效電路及熱動態模型為基礎, 應用無跡卡爾曼濾波器(Un-
scented Kalman Filter, UKF)建立估測器進行鋰離子電池之充電狀態(State of Charge,SOC) 及溫度估測。等效電路模型參數鑑別乃利用交流阻抗分析實驗, 以最小平方法求出鋰離子電池在不同充電狀態與不同溫度實驗下之等效電路參數; 熱動態模型參數鑑別利用不同充放電行程在絕熱及自然散熱之實驗, 求得熱動態模型參數。並以不同充放電行程, 在不同充電狀態及操作溫度條件下進行估測器實驗驗證。在各操作條件下電池端電壓及溫度狀態之估測誤差均小於25mV 及0.03oC。

Based on the equivalent circuit model and thermal dynamic model to estimate the state of charge(SOC) and temperature of Lithium-ion battery by unscented Kalman filter(UKF).The method of electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy(EIS) is employed to identify equivalent circuit model parameter of lithium-ion battery.Thermal dynamic model parameter is identified by experiment in adiabatic and natural heat dissipation condition.The estimator is validated via various charge / discharge cycles experiment in different temperature and SOC condition.The battery terminal voltage error and temperature error are smaller than 25mV and 0.03oC.

目錄
摘要I
Abstract II
致謝III
目錄IV
圖目錄VI
表目錄IX
緒論1
1 研究背景. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 文獻回顧. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1 等效電路模型文獻回顧. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 熱效應模型文獻回顧. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 儲能元件估測法則. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 研究目的. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4 論文架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
實驗設備、軟體與估測法介紹10
1 元件介紹. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.1 鋰離子電池介紹. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.2 鋰離子電池原理. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 硬體設備. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1 交流阻抗分析儀. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2 直流電子負載機. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3 可程式直流電源供應器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4 可程式恆溫試驗機. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.5 霍爾元件. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.6 電阻式溫度感應器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.7 數據擷取系統. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3 實驗軟體. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.1 MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2 Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4 充電狀態估測法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.1 開路電壓法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.2 庫倫計量法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
鋰離子電池模型29
1 交流阻抗分析法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2 鋰離子電池等效電路模型. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.1 ZARC元件. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2 Warburg元件. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.3 簡化鋰離子電池之等效電路模型. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3 鋰離子電池之熱效應模型. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
卡爾曼濾波器介紹53
1 離散之卡爾曼濾波器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2 無跡卡爾曼濾波器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3 電壓及溫度效應之離散估測器設計. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
實驗結果72
1 開路電壓法實驗結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
2 以含溫度及電壓效應模型為基礎之估測結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
2.1 絕熱狀態之即時估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
2.2 常溫散熱狀態之即時估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
2.3 極低溫狀態之即時估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
2.4 NYCC駕駛行程之即時估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
結論與未來展望92
1 結論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
2 未來展望. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
參考文獻93
                                

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