以營建三維模型元件庫為基礎之建模模式｜國立臺灣科技大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	朱奕齊 Yi-Chi Chu
論文名稱：	以營建三維模型元件庫為基礎之建模模式 A Component-based Approach for Generation of 3 Dimensional CAD Models Using a Construction Component Model Database
指導教授：	陳鴻銘 Hung-Ming Chen
口試委員:	謝佑明 Yo-Ming Hsieh 楊亦東 I-Tung Yang
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 營建工程系 Department of Civil and Construction Engineering
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	80
中文關鍵詞：	資料庫、視覺化、三維模型、CAD 、虛擬營建
外文關鍵詞：	Database, Visualization, 3D Model, CAD, Visual Construction
相關次數：	點閱：250 下載：4
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近年來電腦三維繪圖已成功地被應用於輔助土木工程之設計、規劃、施工等作業。建置工程之三維模型不只可使工程之各項設計細節一目了然，更能夠快速地找出設計上之衝突，再加以解決。複雜的施工程序，透過基於三維工程模型加上施工步驟的四維模型動畫，就能清楚地呈現施工流程，讓人有身處其境之感，幫助了解。這些電腦三維繪圖模型的附加應用是傳統平面工程圖所無法提供的，但由於營建工程的產品具有獨特性，故目前三維工程模型之建置均是相當仰賴人力與費時的，且建置完成的模型其重複利用度並不高，也由於三維工程模型之建置工作需要較高的成本，故雖其有許多優點，但仍難以普及。
本研究嘗試以資料庫系統彙整並提共可重複使用的建模元件，提出使用模型元件庫之件模模式，有效節省建置三維工程模型的時間與人力。本研究首先將各類三維模型元件之資訊以資料庫系統維護管理，建置了一模型元件庫，並於對於此模型元件庫建立管理與應用平台。此模型元件庫分門別類地儲存了各類模型元件，如建築構件、施工機具、人物等模型，透過模型元件庫之管理介面可新增與編輯元件庫之模型，使模型元件庫更為豐富、完整。使用本平台之建模模式，是由資料庫中搜尋出適合之各類模型元件，調整擺置在適當之處，即可有效率地建置出三維的工程場景，縮短建置三維模型之時間。此元件庫中的三維模型元件是以X3D格式紀錄，X3D為一使用XML敘述三維模型之開放的標準格式，使各類模型元件的資訊可以標準的格式於系統間交換共享，並可透過網路的方式共享，使其之應用可不只侷限於單一建模系統或單機電腦上使用。

In recent years, three-dimensional visualization technologies have been
researched and applied for aiding the operations of design, planning, construction, etc.
in construction engineering. Examples of such applications include Building
Information Modeling (BIM), 4D CAD, and integration of design and analysis
systems. A three-dimensional CAD model of a targeted facility or construction project
is a requirement. Due to the uniqueness and custom features of A/E/C
(Architecture/Engineering/Construction) products, their 3D CAD models usually have
to be built by instancing and assembling basic geometric modeling elements from
scratch. Generally, this is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. In addition,
the reusability of built 3D CAD models is low.
For improving efficiency in building 3D CAD models and reusability of built 3D
CAD models, this research proposes a component-based approach for generation of
3D CAD models using a construction component model database. A construction
component model database is developed to store and provide 3D models of
construction components, such as materials and equipments, to be queried and
retrieved for generating global 3D CAD models in construction engineering. A
management interface of the database is developed for inserting and editing
construction component models. A model building interface which utilizes the
database for generating global 3D CAD models based on search, selection, and then
setting operation is also developed. The data format of 3D component models in the
database is X3D for interoperability. Base on the proposed approach, 3D CAD models
can be built more efficiently since it is not began from scratch but using existing
components in the database. In addition, built models can be decomposed into
component models to be stored in the database for being reused.

論文摘要 .............................................................................................................. I
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ II
誌謝 ................................................................................................................... III
目錄 ................................................................................................................... IV
圖目錄 .............................................................................................................. VII
表目錄 ................................................................................................................ X
第一章 緒論 ................................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究動機 ..................................................................................... 1
1.2 研究目的 ..................................................................................... 2
1.3 研究範圍 ..................................................................................... 4
1.4 研究方法 ..................................................................................... 4
1.5 論文架構 ..................................................................................... 5
第二章 研究背景 ........................................................................................... 6
2.1 文獻回顧 ..................................................................................... 6
2.2 系統開發技術 ............................................................................. 7
2.2.1 XML ...................................................................................... 7
2.2.1.1 XPath .............................................................................. 8
2.2.1.2 XSL-FO .......................................................................... 8
2.2.1.3 XSLT ............................................................................... 8
2.2.2 X3D ....................................................................................... 9
2.2.3 3D Computer Graphics .......................................................... 9
2.2.3.1 Current Transformation Matrix ....................................... 9
2.2.3.2 Viewing Transformation ............................................... 10
2.2.3.3 Projection Matrix .......................................................... 10
2.2.3.4 Render ........................................................................... 12
2.2.4 Object-oriented .................................................................... 12
2.2.4.1 Encapsulation ................................................................ 13
2.2.4.2 Inheritance .................................................................... 13
2.2.4.3 Polymorphism ............................................................... 14
2.2.5 .NET Framework ................................................................. 14
2.2.6 Relational Database ............................................................. 14
2.2.6.1 Entity-Relationship Model ............................................ 15
2.2.6.2 Normalization ............................................................... 16
2.2.6.3 SQL ............................................................................... 16
2.3 系統開發語言 ........................................................................... 17
2.3.1 Visual Basic ......................................................................... 17
2.3.2 OpenGL ............................................................................... 17
2.3.3 Microsoft SQL Server ......................................................... 18
第三章 系統功能需求分析與運作機制規劃 ............................................ 19
3.1 模型元件庫 ............................................................................... 20
3.1.1 模型元件定義 ..................................................................... 20
3.1.2 模型元件資料格式 ............................................................. 22
3.1.3 模型元件庫概念設計－實體關係圖 ................................. 25
3.2 模型元件庫管理模組 ............................................................... 27
3.3 模型建置模組 ........................................................................... 30
3.4 模型檔案格式轉換模組 ........................................................... 34
第四章 系統設計與實作 ............................................................................. 37
4.1 模型元件庫資料綱要 ............................................................... 37
4.2 系統架構 ................................................................................... 39
4.2.1 X3D Document Handler Class ............................................ 41
4.2.2 Model Drawer Class ............................................................ 43
4.2.3 Database Connector Class ................................................... 45
4.2.4 Component Database Manager Class .................................. 46
4.2.5 Model Builder Class ............................................................ 53
4.2.6 File Transformer Class ........................................................ 56
第五章 系統使用範例 ................................................................................. 58
5.1 模型元件新增 ........................................................................... 58
5.2 模型元件編輯 ........................................................................... 61
5.3 模型元件刪除 ........................................................................... 62
5.4 元件類別新增、編輯與刪除 .................................................. 62
5.5 模型建置 ................................................................................... 65
5.6 場景環境設定 ........................................................................... 67
5.7 場景操作 ................................................................................... 68
5.8 模型檔案匯出 ........................................................................... 69
第六章 結論與未來展望 ............................................................................. 71
6.1 結論 ........................................................................................... 71
6.2 未來展望 ................................................................................... 72
參考文獻 ........................................................................................................... 75
附錄 ................................................................................................................... 77
附錄A 程式開發所需之系統檔、相關軟體與檔案 .......................... 77
附錄B 模型元件庫實體成員 ............................................................... 78
附錄C X3D Document Handler Class 成員 ........................................ 80
附錄C.1 X3dDocument Class 成員 ................................................. 80
附錄C.2 X3dNode Class 成員 ......................................................... 81
附錄C.3 X3dHead Class 成員 ......................................................... 82
附錄C.4 MetadataObject Class 成員 ............................................... 82
附錄C.5 X3dScene Class 成員 ........................................................ 83
附錄C.6 BindingNode Class 成員 ................................................... 83
附錄C.7 ViewpointNode Class 成員 ............................................... 84
附錄C.8 BackgroundNode Class 成員 ............................................ 84
附錄C.9 X3dField Class 成員 ......................................................... 85
附錄C.10 SingleField<T> Class 成員 ............................................. 85
附錄C.11 MultiField<T> Class 成員 .............................................. 86
作者簡介 ........................................................................................................... 87

                                

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